The new Frontier :: essays research papers

Question 4 Section 1Dusty trails, wagon trains, and uncompromising guys on horses, the images that come to most peoples mind when they think of the migration towards the western frontiers. Today we are able to see the obvious effects that this migration has left on our federation even today (Sunny and warm Phoenix, hip coffee from Seattle, and that strange utopia of its own, California) but what are some of the not so obvious effects that it left?The latish 1800s was a time of many great opportunities and advancements for the American people. With gold being disc everywhereed in many of the western states, the construction of a trans-continental railroad, and more than then enough earthly concern open for settlement one couldnt go wrong with this new frontier. This is great for the greedy materialistic side of the American peoples, but what did it do to the over all psyche of us.Americans have several combined viewpoints that exist when it comes to advancement within in our cul ture Because its at that place, We are Americans, we are better than you, and we are America its our God-given right to Because were happy, you should be happy too. These thoughts were behind the whole western expansion and unflurried exist today. The because its thither and the its our God-given right too kind of go together hand in hand. We saw all of this open land the left of us and thought why are we letting all of that go to waste over there? We also felt because we had settled here and seemed to have such powerful hold on everything we saw it as our God-given right to take all that open space to the west over and bring it as or own, no matter who said other wise. So we went, and claimed it as ours, and as we all know it lasted. This mindset seems to still linger in our sub-conscious even today and such examples can be seen in many different situations. Granted the circumstances are slightly different but over all the implied thought process is still the same. America has t he tendency today to see itself as the protective big brother of the world, and we are constantly get into scuffles with the bullies of the world. For example an insurgence breaks out in a different country and we see it as our duty to quell this uprising.

Probation and Electronic Monitoring Essay -- essays research papers

I am doing this paper on electronic supervise. I am doing this paper because I need a paper to write for you and this is the page I opened to in the book to get the idea. No, really because I believe that electronic monitoring is a terrific way to police probation and parolees when probation and parole officers are so severely overworked. By not having to check in on the offenders as much, because at any time we can hit a button and know exactly where they are, or be notified instantly when they are somewhere they shouldnt be, it would be a lot easier on probation and parole officers.Electronic monitoring is a good idea and should be used more. The advances in technology can be very useful in community corrections. Implementing GPS technology into these el...

Legal Development of Abortion Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Legal suppuration of Abortion This essay traces the development of abortion law in English and American inn up to the period of Roe v. Wade in 1973. Beginning with Biblical citations, the essay researches the Early Church Fathers on the issue the American colonies developments of the 1800s which caused change, and so on. Up to the time of the Protestant Reformation, the English society inherited its traditional anti-abortion law from the Church practice of 1500 years standing which belief began even before Christianity as part of the grey Testament Jewish belief. The Old Testament tells us Death was non Gods doing, he takes no pleasure in the extinction of the alert (Wis. 113). What is willed is life, and in the visible universe everything has been made for man, who is the image of God and the worlds crowning glory (Gen. 126-28). In the Christian tradition, the Early Church Fathers taught in The Didache, perhaps the commencement ceremony Christian catechism from 70-90AD, th e following in chapter 2, verses 1-2 The second commandment of the teaching You shall not murder. You shall not swear adultery. You shall not seduce boys. You shall not commit fornication. You shall not steal. You shall not practice magic. You shall not use potions. You shall not procure an abortion, nor destroy a newborn child. (Jurgens vol.1,p.2) The colonies inherited English Common Law and generally operated under it until intimately into the 19th century. English Common Law forbade abortion. Abortion prior to quickening was a misdemeanor. Abortion after quickening (feeling life) was a felony. This bifid punishment, inherited from front ecclesiastic law, stemmed from earlier knowledge regarding human reproduction. In... ...ial state (pre-polled at 60% pro-abortion), voted 63% against abortion. It seemed obvious that most people did not want abortion. But, on January 22, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled, and abortion was imposed from the top down. (Roe) WORKS CITED De llapenna,J. The History of Abortion Technology, Morality, and Law, University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 1979 Quay, Justifiable Abortion-Medical and Legal Foundations, Georgetown Univ., Law Review, 1960-1961 Jurgens, William A. The corporate trust of the Early Fathers. N.p. liturgical Press, 1998. Roe vs. Wade, U.S. Supreme Court410 U.S. 113, 1973 Doe vs. Bolton, U.S. Supreme Court 410 U.S. 179, 1973 Washington Post April 27, 1981 Women and Abortion, Prospects of Criminal Charges Monograph, American Center for Bioethics, 422 C St., NE, Washington, DC 20002, leap out 1983 Legal Development of Abortion Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive TopicsLegal Development of Abortion This essay traces the development of abortion law in English and American society up to the time of Roe v. Wade in 1973. Beginning with Biblical citations, the essay researches the Early Church Fathers on the issue the American colonies developments of the 1800s which caused change, and so on . Up to the time of the Protestant Reformation, the English society inherited its traditional anti-abortion law from the Church practice of 1500 years standing which belief began even before Christianity as part of the Old Testament Jewish belief. The Old Testament tells us Death was not Gods doing, he takes no pleasure in the extinction of the living (Wis. 113). What is willed is life, and in the visible universe everything has been made for man, who is the image of God and the worlds crowning glory (Gen. 126-28). In the Christian tradition, the Early Church Fathers taught in The Didache, perhaps the first Christian catechism from 70-90AD, the following in chapter 2, verses 1-2 The second commandment of the teaching You shall not murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not seduce boys. You shall not commit fornication. You shall not steal. You shall not practice magic. You shall not use potions. You shall not procure an abortion, nor destroy a newborn child. (Jurgens vol. 1,p.2) The colonies inherited English Common Law and largely operated under it until well into the 19th century. English Common Law forbade abortion. Abortion prior to quickening was a misdemeanor. Abortion after quickening (feeling life) was a felony. This bifid punishment, inherited from earlier ecclesiastic law, stemmed from earlier knowledge regarding human reproduction. In... ...ial state (pre-polled at 60% pro-abortion), voted 63% against abortion. It seemed obvious that most people did not want abortion. But, on January 22, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled, and abortion was imposed from the top down. (Roe) WORKS CITED Dellapenna,J. The History of Abortion Technology, Morality, and Law, University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 1979 Quay, Justifiable Abortion-Medical and Legal Foundations, Georgetown Univ., Law Review, 1960-1961 Jurgens, William A. The Faith of the Early Fathers. N.p. Liturgical Press, 1998. Roe vs. Wade, U.S. Supreme Court410 U.S. 113, 1973 Doe vs. Bolt on, U.S. Supreme Court 410 U.S. 179, 1973 Washington Post April 27, 1981 Women and Abortion, Prospects of Criminal Charges Monograph, American Center for Bioethics, 422 C St., NE, Washington, DC 20002, Spring 1983

Cost Accounting: Its role and ethical considerations Essay -- Business

Cost Accounting Its role and ethical considerationsIntroductionAccounting is the process of identifying, measuring, andcommunicating economic information ab pop an entity for the purpose of do decisions and inform judgements. The major areas of withinthe account statement are Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting/CostAccounting and Auditing- Public AccountingManagerial accounting is concerned with the intake of economic andfinancial information to plan and control the activities of an entityand to support the management in planning and decision-making process.Cost accounting is the subset of managerial accounting and it helpsmanagement in determination and accumulation of product, process orservice cost.Role of Cost AccountingIncreased competition and uncertain business conditions have put earthshaking pressure on corporate management to make informed businessdecisions and maximize their company?s financial performance. Inresponse to this pressure, a slog of management acco untingtools and techniques has emerged. One of the most important tools thata management rear end use is - Cost Accounting. Cost accounting helpsmanagement in making strategic decisions by identifying anorganization?s comparative strengths and weaknesses and a better waysto use, improve or eliminate them. Cost information is used for moredifferent purposes Performance measurement Cost reduction and control Determination of reimbursement and fee or price setting Program authorization, modification, and discontinuation decisions and Decisions to contract out work or make other changes in the methods of production or delivery of services.Cost accounting provides various tools for example Cost-benefitanalysis, break-even analysis,and CVP to help management in making decisions.Role of Ethics in Cost AccountingWebsters Dictionary defines ethics as ...the principles of conductg all overning an individual or a concern the discipline dealing withwhat is good or bad or right and wrong, o r with moral duty andobligation a particular theory or system of moral values. Ethics arevery important in any field. In cost accounting also ethics hornswoggle animportant role. Ethical situations can easily arise in any businesssetting when money is involved. . The whole Enron saga was the result... ...g is an important tool that can help management inmaking informed decision. Though it is not legally required but stillit is necessary to run an entity effectively. Cost accounting isturned toward the future. There are different methods of costing inCost Accounting Absorption costing and Variable costing. Both havesome merits over the other.An entity can use both of them for different uses. Absorption costingcan be used for external reporting, managers need to review the effectof their decision on financial reporting to outsiders whereas Variablecosting can be used by managers to review the effect of managementdecisions on production, costs and profits.ReferencesAbsorption, Variab le, and Throughput Costing. Retrieved on December15,2004 fromhttp//www.kellogg.nwu.edu/ efficiency/balachan/htm/Acct439/Solutions/solution_manual19.docHilton, Ronald W Cost Management Strategies for Business Decisions,Second EditionMarshall Accounting, What the Numbers Mean, Sixth Edition 3-8Turner, Robert M Ethics and professionalism the CPA in industry,April1990. Retrieved on December15, 2004 from http//www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/old/08416230.htm

Concert Life Essay -- essays research papers

We were the metal, Ericson stadium the magnet. With the burning heat reaching down to scold our pale defenceless faces we began walking impatiently at a force per unit area pace towards the stadium. The stadium projected a hum of activity and instrumental sound, which was deafening the ear, already . We clutched our tickets tightly as though they contained the final ingredient to the redress of cancer.Rapidly consuming energy drinks which were to provide us with the weaponry energy to battle a physically and mentally tiring day of dancing and trancing to magical trounce and vocals .We swarmed with countless other bees to the gate of the hive .The excitement at this point was unmeasurable, indescribable, undefinable .We entered mesmerised, it would have been mentally impossible to take in what surrounded me at once, frozen with shock my eyes flickerd as though malfunctioning, enjoying fragments of what there was to see. There were t shirt sales, pricing stands, EFTPOS machines , battalion , autograph signing booths , people , stages and people , tents and people , rides , skateboard ramps and more people. With no knowledge of direction I journeyed into close proximity of the main stage where Australian band Regurgatator encouraged thousands of rocking heads. We ventured through with(predicate) the crowd to destination unknown with our path being dictated by others equally as lost.In time I gathered my senses and began to absorb the surroundings the outstrip I could. I obtained the timetable of acts, which edu...

Concert Life Essay -- essays research papers

We were the metal, Ericson stadium the magnet. With the burning heat reaching down to chatter our pale defenceless faces we began walking impatiently at a pressing pace towards the stadium. The stadium projected a hum of activity and instrumental sound, which was earsplitting the ear, already . We clutched our tickets tightly as though they contained the final ingredient to the cure of cancer.Rapidly consuming energy drinks which were to provide us with the weaponry energy to battle a physically and mentally tiring day of dancing and trancing to magical beats and vocals .We swarmed with countless other bees to the gate of the hive .The excitement at this point was unmeasurable, indescribable, indescribable .We entered mesmerised, it would have been mentally impossible to take in what surrounded me at once, frozen with shock my eyes flickerd as though malfunctioning, enjoying fragments of what there was to see. There were t shirt sales, pricing stands, EFTPOS machines , people , au tograph signing booths , people , stages and people , tents and people , rides , skateboard ramps and more people. With no knowledge of direction I journeyed into fill proximity of the main stage where Australian band Regurgatator encouraged thousands of rocking heads. We ventured through the crowd to destination unknown with our path being dictated by others equally as lost.In time I gathered my senses and began to absorb the surroundings the best I could. I obtained the timetable of acts, which edu...

Characteristics Of Major Agro Ecological Zones Environmental Sciences Essay

Africa is a really big continent with highly broad rush range of scandals ( Bationo et al. , 2006 ) . The smuts scope from shoal with meager vital capacities to deeply weather-beaten profiles that recycle and back up big biomass. In many separate of Africa, inappropriate set ashore usage, hapless(prenominal) direction and deficiency of inputs deport led to dirty eroding, salinization and loss of flora ensuing in a diminution of inelegant productivity ( Bationo et al. , 2006 ) . In Africa and peculiarly siemensern Africa, the most(prenominal) confining factor to agricultural productiveness is fault fertility rate ( Ramaru et al. , 2000 ) . Soil birthrate is defined as a placement of the dirt that enables it to supply foods in equal sums and in proper balance for the growing of specified workss when other growing factors, such as visible radiation, H2O, temperature, and carnal, chemical and biological conditions of dirt, argon favourable ( van der Watt and new wave Rooy en, 1995 ) .Large countries of sub-Saharan African ( SSA ) soils, in peculiar, atomic number 18 affected by various(a) types of debasement, including birthrate diminution ( FAO, 2001 ) . Soil birthrate diminution is a impairment of chemical, physical and biological dirt belongingss. The chief contrisolelying procedures, besides dirt eroding, atomic number 18 diminution in organic affair and dirty biological activity debasement of dirt construction and loss of other dirt physical qualities accrue in handiness of major foods ( N, P, K ) and micro-nutrients and increase in toxicity, due to acidification or pollution ( FAO, 2001 ) . Soils in most of SSA have inherently moo birthrate and do non have equal alimentary refilling ( FAO, 2001 ) . The SSA has the lowlyest mineral fertiliser ingestion, about 10 kilogram foods ( N, P2O5, K2O ) /ha per twelvemonth, compared to the universe average of 90 kilograms, 60 kilogram in the Near East and 130 kg/ha per twelvemonth in Asia ( Stoo rvogel and Smaling, 1990 ) . Agricultural growing in sub-Saharan African says somewhat increased over the past three decennaries, although non in line with the high commonwealth growing rate ( FAO, 2001 ) . Food product per capita in sub-Saharan Africa ( SSA ) has declined since the 1970s, in contrast with the addition in Asia and southmost America ( Figure 1.1 ) . Soil productiveness in SSA is besides constrained by fruitlessness ( low rainfall ) and sourness ( FAO, 2001 ) ( Table 1.1 ) . south westbound Africa has to confront high population growing, poorness, accelerated dirt debasement and increasing force per unit part on take down ( FAO, 1999b ) ( Table 1.1 ) .Depletion of dirt birthrate, along with the related jobs of weeds, plagues, and diseases, is a major biophysical cause of low per capita nutrient production in Africa. This is the consequence of the dis localization of handed-down patterns and the low precedence given by authoritiess to the statefied sector ( S anchez, 1997 ) . The 1996 World Food Summit highlighted sub-Saharan Africa as the staying part in the universe with diminish nutrient production per capita ( Figure 1.1 ) . The worst degrees of poorness and malnutrition in the universe exist in this part ( Sanchez et al. , 1997 ) . A squad of scientists has identified worsening dirt birthrate as the cardinal agronomic cause for worsening nutrient productiveness in Africa. A Soil Fertility Initiative for Africa has been created by a group of international organisations including the World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) , global Center for Research on Agroforestry ( ICRAF ) , International Fertilizer Development Center ( IFDC ) , International Fertilizer Association ( IFA ) , and International Food Policy Research Institute ( IFPRI ) .Table 1.1 Features of major agro-ecological z sensations in Africa ( FAO, 1986 )Figure 1.1 Regional tendencies in nutrient production per capita ( FAO, Statistical Analysis Service, 2000 )As the chief beginning of economic activity in SSA is agricultural production, worsening dirt productiveness means non merely that less nutrient can be grown but besides that production of hard currency harvest homes for export is endangered ( FAO, 1999a ) . It is hence indispensable that production and dirts be managed in a sustainable elbow room, so that the present coevals is fed and soil conditions are improved to back up future coevalss.The Republic of South Africa covers an farming of 121, 9 jillion hour angle and has a entire population of about 46,6 million people ( NDA, 2007 ) . Approximately 83 % of agricultural kingdom in South Africa is use for graze, small-arm 17 % is cultivated for hard currency harvests. Forestry comprises less than 2 % of the stain and about 12 % is reserved for deliverance intents ( NDA, 2007, Land Type Survey Staff, 1972-2002 & A Land Type Survey Staff, 1972-2006 ) . Land used for agribusiness comprises 81 % of the state s entire cou ntry, while natural countries account for approximately 9 % ( Abstract, 2005 ) . High-voltage arable land comprises merely 22 % of the entire tillable land and merely approximately 13 % of South Africa s surface country can be used for harvest production ( NDA, 2007 ) . Slightly more than 1,3 million hour angle of land is under irrigation. Rainfall is distributed unevenly across the state, with humid, semi equatorial conditions happening in the E and dry, desert conditions in the West ( NDA, 2007 ) . The most of mo factor that limits agricultural production is the non-availability of H2O. About 50 % of South Africa s H2O is used for agricultural intents.Areas of moderate to high cultivable possible descend chiefly in the eastern parcel of land of the state, in Mpumalanga and Gauteng states ( Figure 1.2 ) . Scattered spots besides occur in KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and Limpopo states. Low to marginal possible countries occur in the eastern half of the state and in parts of the Western Cape. constitute in Figure 1 shows big countries in the desiccant parts of South Africa ( e.g. south-western Free State western parts of the Eastern Cape and the North West Province ) that are being cultivated, but which are non classified ad as holding any possible for cultivable agribusiness. Repeated harvest failure and subsequent forsaking of these less than fringy lands can hold of import effects for dirt eroding and land debasement in general ( Hoffman, M.T. & A A. Ashwell, 2001 ) .Figure 1.2 The distribution of cultivable possible land in South Africa ( ARC ISCW, 2002 ) .Soil birthrate challenges coupled with deficits of rainfall could ensue in a compounded job of nutrient deficit and dearth. For dirt birthrate to be sustained, extracted dirt foods must be replenished dirt foods, but in big countries of Africa and other parts of the universe, more dirt foods are extracted than replenished ( Ndala and Mabuza, 2006 ) . there is hence sublunar concern of birthrate direction particularly with the recent additions in nutrient monetary determine. Soil birthrate and its direction therefore have continued to course an of import function in resurrect productiveness. Farmers, their advisers, and any agriculturists need to be knowing of the dirt belongingss which have an ascertain on dirt birthrate, some of which hold dirt texture, construction, organic affair, cation exchange capacity, base impregnation, bulk denseness and pH. These belongingss besides have an make for in finding land potency for agribusiness as they are besides cardinal indexs for dirt quality.Although classical advancement has been made in look for in developing methodological analysiss and engineerings for battling dirt birthrate depletion, the low acceptance rate is a ground for the big difference amid husbandmans outputs and possible outputs ( Bationo et al. , 2006 ) . This adopt therefore aims to find the influence of dirt physico-chemistry and clay division min eralogy on the birthrate position of selected potency uncultivated cultivable dirts of University of Limpopo experimental farm ( Syferkuil ) in Limpopo Province. This will promote enlargement of cultivable agribusiness in the country to better the supports in footings of relieving nutrient insecurity and poorness.PROBLEM STATEMENTWhen measuring land for agricultural capablenesss, properties such as incline, stoniness and thickness of the dirt stratum are interpreted into consideration. Soil physico-chemical and dirt clay mineralogical belongingss are shop atly overlooked. Ekosse et Al. ( 2011 ) showed that these dirt physico-chemical and clay mineralogical belongingss and their composings play a important function in suitableness of land for cultivable agribusiness. Information on the mineralogy and alimentary position of uncultivated dirts in Limpopo Province is missing, particularly of dirts found in the communal countries where smallholder agribusiness is practiced. Such inform ation is important for any scheme that seeks to increase and better the productiveness of cropped or possible cultivable agricultural land.One of import requirement of nutrient security is ingress to land, as more people need to bring forth their nutrient supplies and do a life from the land. Traditional land direction systems are hooked on the handiness of sufficient land to let long unbroken periods to keep dirt birthrate. When there is no more entree to new land, the unplowed land has to be used and soil birthrate falls. More intensive usage of the land besides implies that it becomes more prone to dirty eroding. To keep and climb its productiveness, new sustainable direction steps have to be introduced.As the chief beginning of economic activity in Limpopo Province besides excavation is the agricultural production, worsening dirt productiveness non merely means less harvests is grown but besides that, production of hard currency harvests and income are endangered. bulky b ulk of South Africans, peculiarly Limpopo occupants, purchase their basic nutrient from commercial providers, instead than turning them themselves ( Statistics South Africa, 2009 ) . Rising nutrient monetary value, peculiarly of corn whiskey and wheat which are the staple diet of the hapless in South Africa, pose serious jobs for the urban and rural hapless as most are net purchasers instead than agriculturists of their basic nutrient. Recent information from the Food and Agricultural Organisation ( 2009 ) and Heady & A Fan ( 2008 ) suggest that nutrient monetary values will increase steadily over the following decennary even if there are some fluctuations and the occasional bead in monetary values ( Evans, 2009 ) . This therefore poses the demand for more enlargement of cultivable land for agribusiness so as to better supports of the hapless families.Population force per unit area and urban enlargement seem to be doing the loss of high possible agricultural lands. Hence nutrient demand is lifting which leads to nutrient insecurity, therefore extension of cultivable agricultural lands would extremely be required. In a recent survey, Van Averbeke and Khosa ( 2007 ) reported that while income is the most of import determiner of family nutrient security in some countries around Limpopo Province, nutrient obtained from various(a) types of dry-land agribusiness contributed significantly to household nutrition. They argue that without farming the nutrient security of these families would be reduced, particularly for the ultra-poor.The land is used beyond its capableness, the type of use would non be sustainable and the land debasement would ensue. Equally of import is the fact that if land is used below its true capableness so the full economic potency of the usage of the land would non be realized. Although small production addition has taken topographic point at the Experimental farm ( Syferkuil farm ) , which has been obtained by cultivation of hapless and fr ingy lands, the productiveness of most bing lands has been ignored. With population go oning to increase in the country and the state as a whole, the demand to take note of the fallow or abundant lands on the farm has become more of import. Bettering dirt birthrate could trip rural and national economic development, achieve long-run nutrient security and better husbandmans criterions of life, while extenuating environmental and rural migration. Therefore, rectifying land debasement and heightening productiveness through appropriate dirt direction and preservation can play a major function in accomplishing farm family nutrient security and agricultural development in the country.This research will therefore contribute to the bing database on the physico-chemistry and mineralogy of agricultural dirts of Limpopo Province, peculiarly those at Syferkuil farm. It will besides help husbandmans and persons around the country with information and consciousness on the birthrate position and capableness of the dirts in their partnership, so they can originate agricultural activities on those lands which are left fallow or abundant.1.3. AIM OF THE STUDYThe purpose of this survey is to find the dirt physico-chemistry, clay mineralogy and birthrate position of selected uncultivated cultivable dirts within the University Of Limpopo Experimental Farm Of laughingstock District in Limpopo Province, with the position of placing extra potency cultivable lands for agribusiness in the part.1.4. Aim OF THE STUDYTo find physico-chemical belongingss of selected uncultivated and cultivated dirts on the farm and their influence on dirt birthrate.To find the clay mineralogical composing of the selected uncultivated and cultivated dirts on the farm and their influence on dirt birthrate.To find the chemical skill of the selected uncultivated and cultivated dirts on the farm and their influence on dirt birthrate.To find the birthrate index of the selected uncultivated and cultivated dir ts on farm and their influence on dirt birthrate.To bring out and understand the function of dirt physico-chemical and clay mineralogical belongingss act uponing the birthrate of the selected dirts on the farm.RESEARCH QUESTIONSThese inquiries will help in achieving the aims of the surveyWhat are the physico-chemical belongingss of the selected dirts?What is the clay mineralogical composing of the selected dirts?What is the chemical composing of the selected dirts?What is the birthrate index of the selected dirts?Make the dirt physico-chemical and clay mineralogical belongingss affect the birthrate position of the selected dirts on the farm for sustainable agribusiness?HypothesisThis research will be guided by the undermentioned hypothesesMost possible uncultivated cultivable lands on the farm could be used to spread out and better agricultural outputs.Soil physico-chemical and clay mineralogical belongingss with their influence on dirt birthrate are cardinal indexs for sustainable agribusiness.1.7. precept OF THE STUDYSouth Africa has a broad scope of dirts of different physico-chemical and clay mineralogical composing. Limpopo Province entirely has a several(a)ness of dirts and climatic conditions allowing a assortment of different signifiers of agribusiness, ( White report on Agriculture, 1995 ) . In support of nutrient security and ego saving, it is now strategically of import for any country to hold available information on the comparative suitablenesss of their dirts for agribusiness, so that penchant may be given for the land more suited for agribusiness. In this procedure, it is of import to cognize the comparative quality of the land so that its usage can be regulated in conformity with the suitableness of the peculiar dirts.Local husbandmans have ever relied on the agricultural research end product and extension from Syferkuil experimental farm since their clime, and the dirts they farm on developed from the same parent stuff as the 1s at Syferkui l. The environing farm community and governments of the country, will therefore benefit from this survey by obtaining information on the physico-chemistry and clay mineralogy of their dirts every bit good as the dirts comparative suitableness for agribusiness. Economically, capableness categorization of the dirts in Mankweng country can help in promoting the governments toward induction of the assorted farming systems on the identified possible cultivable lands. In this manner single dirts could be best utilise for the types of agricultural production for which they are best and most economically suited.1.8. STUDY AREAThe location, topography, clime, flora, dirts, geology and hydrology of the country are briefly exposit below in the subsequent subdivisions.1.8.1. Location of the survey countryLimpopo is South Africa s Federalmost state, lying within the great curve of the Limpopo River. The state borders the states of Botswana to the West, Zimbabwe to the North and Mozambique an d Swaziland to the E as shown in Figure 1.3 ( DBSA, 1998 ) . Limpopo Province is divided into five Municipal territories ( Figure 1.3 ) Capricorn, Mopani, Sekhukhune, Vhembe and Waterberg, which are further divided into 24 local Municipalities ( Limpopo Province born(p) Resource Maps, 2003 ) . The Province occupies a entire surface country of 125A 755 km2, approximately 10.3 % of South Africa s land country ( Limpopo Province Natural Resource Map, 2003 ) .The population is about 5 355A 172 which is 11.3 % of South African population ( Statistics SA, 2003 ) .Syferkuil is the experimental farm of the University of Limpopo ( 23o49 S 29o41 Tocopherol ) situated in the Mankweng country, in Capricorn territory municipality, South Africa. The farm is 1 650 hour angle in size ( Moshia et al. , 2008 ) . Syferkuil experimental farm, for about 39 old ages now ( Moshia et al. , 2008 ) has served as the chief Centre of University of Limpopo s horticultural, agronomic, and carnal production researches, on which both undergraduate and alumnus pupil researches along with hands-on preparations are conducted. The farm is bordered by five live rural agriculture communities which are Mamotintane, Ga-Makanye, Ga-Thoka, Solomondale and Mankweng. On this farm, approximately 25 hour angles are presently allocated for rain fed harvests, 80 hour angle for irrigated harvests, and 40 hour angle are used for rotary motion of winter and summer harvests. The 80 hour angle irrigated harvests are served by an machine-controlled linear move irrigation system ( Moshia, 2008 ) .Figure 1.3 Locality Map of the survey countryFigure 1.4 A scale aerial exposure map ( scaly 1 10 000 ) of University of Limpopo ( Syferkuil ) s experimental farm ( Moshia et al. , 2008 )1.8.2. Land-Use of the survey countryLimpopo Province constitute a sum of 12.3 million hectares land, out of which about 9.24 million hour angle. is utilised as farming area ( LDA, 2002 ) . This 9.24 million hectares of farming area about 0.93 million hour angle. of it is utilised as cultivable land, 6.68 million hour angle. as natural graze, 1.7 million hour angle. For disposition preservation, 0.1 million hour angle for forestry and for other intents. Seventy six per centum of the cultivable Land is allocated to dry land ( 0.7 million hour angle ) cultivation and merely 0.223 million hour angle for irrigation systems.1.8.3. Geology of the survey countryThe geology of Limpopo is complex and various(a) it varies from Palaeo-Archaean mafic, ultramafic and felsic extrusives to Mesozoic sedimentary stones and inundation basalts ( RSA Geological Map series, 1984 ) . The stone formations in the State can be considered in four chief divisions based on clip and general homogeneousness viz. the Archaean, by and large known as the Basal or Fundamental Complex the Pre-Cambrian, or Algonquian Systems the Palaeozoic, pre-Karoo Formations the Mesozoic and the Karoo System. The topography of the part varies from co mparatively level countries to cragged terrain ( doggy et al. , 2006 ) .Limpopo is rich in minerals with economic value ( White Paper on Agriculture, 1995 ) . Prevailing minerals in the eastern portion of Limpopo include Pt and its group metals, chrome, Cu, inorganic phosphate and andalusite. The Western side is characterised by Pt, granite, and coal minerals, while diamonds, coal, magnesite, and hints of granite dominate the Union portion of the Province. Mineral resources that are presently being mined in the state are Andalusite, Antinomy, calcite, chrome, clay, coal, Cu, diamonds, emeralds, felspar, fluorite, gold, granite, limestone, magnesite, manganese, cosmetic stone-Slate, phosphate, Pt, salt, sand & A rock, silicon oxide and Zn ( Dramstad et al. , 1996 ) .1.8.4. Climate of the survey countryLimpopo falls in the summer rainfall part with the western portion of the Province being semi-arid, and the eastern portion mostly sub-tropical, ( Limpopo Province Natural Resource Maps, 2003 ) . The western and far northern parts of the Province experience frequent drouths. Winter throughout Limpopo is mild and generally frost-free. The mean one-year temperatures for the southern to cardinal plateau countries of the state is by and large below 20oC in the Lowveld and northern parts mean one-year temperatures are above 20oC. The state receives summer rainfall between October and March peaking in January. The average one-year precipitation ranges between 380mm in the North and merely over 700mm in parts of the Waterberg ( Koch, 2005 ) .The clime of the survey site is classified as semi-arid with the one-year precipitation of approximately A495 mm per annum. The average one-year temperature of 25A1oC ( soap ) and 10A1oC ( min ) was common during the old ages of survey. Annually, the farm averages 170 frost-free yearss widening from late October to mid April.Figure 1.5 Monthly norm rainfall as recorded in the Limpopo Province ( LDA, 2002 )Rainfall informations ( figure 1.5 ) indicating that most rainfall occurs between November and March, runing between 80 millimeters and 130mm. It should, nevertheless, be noted that these figures point an mean rainfall and lower rainfall can be expected in most territories.1.8.5. Dirts of the survey countryThere are broad assortments of dirts that occur in the Province, be givening to be sandy in the West, but with more clay content toward the E, ( Limpopo Province Natural Resource Maps, 2003 ) . The dirts are differentiated based on deepness, the nature of diagnostic skylines and parent stuffs, ( FAO, 1999 ) . Those dirts are chiefly developed on basalt, sandstone and biotite gneiss and are by and large of low built-in dirt birthrate ( FAO, 1999 ) .Limpopo Province has diverse dirts, nevertheless, five major dirt associations have been identified, ( FAO, 1999 ) of which Dystrophic, ruddy and xanthous, good drained clayed dirts are extremely leached, clay-like, acidic dirts found in the high rainfall c ountries of Drakensberg and Soutpansberg scope. They are bouldery, found on absorb inclines and are of low birthrate. As such, they by and large have limited value as cultivable land but are suited for afforestation. Red, yellow and Grey dirts in caternary association are flaxen and loamy dirts in the 300-600 millimeter rainfall belt in the western and northwesterly portion of the Province. They are suited for cultivable agriculture, but by and large occur in the low rainfall countries west and north of Thabazimbi, Vaalwater, Lephalale and Polokwane. depressed and ruddy clay dirts have with changing sums of stone and lithosol, found in a narrow strip analogue to the eastern boundary line, the Springbok Flats ( Settlers and Roedtan ) and the south boundary near Dwaalpooort and Derdepoort. Although extremely erodible, they are utilised extensively for dryland harvests such as cotton and winter cereals.Duplex and paraduplex dirts are characterized by surface soil that is distinguish able from sub-soil with respect to texture, construction and consistence. Major happenings are in Sekhukhune, south to southwest of Lephalale in Waterberg territory, between Louis Trichardt and Tshipise, and subdivisions of Vhembe District near the eastern boundary line. They are by and large non utilised as cultivable land due to high erodibility. Poorly developed dirts on stone consist of surface soil overlying stone or weathered stone. They are found to the E of the Drakensberg, including a big subdivision of Mopani District, and E and West of Musina. They tend to be bouldery, with shoal dirts and hence by and large unsuitable for cultivable agriculture.Black and ruddy, fertile clay dirts occur on the Springbok Flats, with ruddy brown sandy loam to the Northern and Western portion of the state, ( FAO, 1999 ) . The mountains have deeper, extremely leached ruddy dirts in wetting agent countries, with more open stone where it is besides dry. Red brown, gravelly dirts, which have a low birthrate, predominate on the Lowveld, the best agricultural dirts being alluvial dirts next to the rivers. The Province has a few high possible countries for dryland harvest production and many chances for extended ranching and irrigated fruit and harvest production, ( Limpopo Province Natural Resource Maps, 2003 ) .1.8.6. Vegetation of the survey countryThe geographical location, rainfall forms and varied physical and climatic conditions have given rise to diverse flora across the state. The flora found in the state have been classified into inland tropical wood tropical shrub and Savannah pure grassveld and false grassveld types ( Development Bank of South Africa, 1998 ) . The inland tropical woods include the northeasterly mountain sourveld and Lowveld rancid Bushveld types. Tropical shrub and savannah comprise the Lowveld, waterless Lowveld, Springbok flats turf thornveld, other sod thornveld, waterless sweet bushveld, mopani veld, assorted bushveld, lemony assorted bush veld and rancid Bushveld types ( Limpopo Province Natural Resource Maps, 2003 ) . Pure grassveld types include the northeasterly flaxen Highveld types. The false grassveld types include the Polokwane tableland false grassveld.1.8.7. Topography of the survey countryLimpopo Province has diverse topographic characteristics. In the E is the level to gently undulating Lowveld field, at an height of 300 to 600 m, bounded in the West by the Northern Drakensberg escarpment and Soutpansberg, with steep inclines and peaks up to the 2000m ( LDA, 2002 ) . The about degree Springbok flats in the South prevarication at an height of 900 m, while the Waterberg and Blouberg to the North, with rippling to really steep terrain, reach 2 000 m. The North- Western zone is a level to rippling field, which slopes down to the North and West at 800 to 1 000 m.1.8.8. Hydrology/Water Resources of the survey countryThe Department of Water personal business and Forestry ( DWAF ) classifies South Africa as a wat er-stressed state, prone to fickle and unpredictable extremes such as inundations and drouths that cut down land to a dry and waterless sinless ( Water Research Commission, 2002 ) . Water resources in South Africa are limited doing them critically of import for the sustainable economic and societal development of the state ( Dennis and Nell, 2002 ) . This is one of the grounds why it is of import to protect the scarce H2O resources of the state. Rivers are the chief beginning of H2O for the state. In the Limpopo Province, there are Four heed Areas viz. Limpopo Luvubu & A Letaba Krokodil Wee & A Merico and Olifants ( NDA, 2000 ) .Applied research on irrigation and fertiliser methods are practiced on the research secret plans on the farm. There are two 10-ha secret plans fitted with separate irrigation systems used by research workers and pupils for research on field harvests.1.8.9. Agricultural activities of the survey countryThe agricultural sector in the state is divided int o three wide sub-sectors viz. commercial farms, emerging commercial farms and subsistence farms, ( Development Bank of South Africa, 1998 ) . The commercial farms fall in the larger farm size class, emerging commercial farms in the medium size and subsistence farms in the smallest size ( LDA, 2002 ) . The emerging and subsistence farms are jointly called small-scale farms which are largely located in the former fatherlands. The varied climes of Limpopo Province allows it to bring forth a broad assortment of agricultural green goodss runing from tropical fruits such as banana, Mangifera indicas to cereals such as corn, wheat and veggies such as tomatoes, onion and murphies ( NDA, 2001 ) .Limpopo Province has big country of land suited for dry-land production ( LDA, 2002 ) . Maize is the staple nutrient of bulk of people in Limpopo Province and is mostly grown by the different classs of husbandmans both for family, industrial and carnal ingestion. On the footing of country and volume of production, it remains the most of import cereal grain produced in the Province despite the dry and drought prone agro-ecology of much of the part ( LDA, 2002 ) . climatical fluctuation could take to fluctuations in maize outputs. As a basic nutrient in the Province, corn has a big and stable market and is the most of import agricultural merchandise in South Africa ( NDA, 2001 ) .1.9. Summary of chapterThe chapter has clearly provided the background of the survey sketching the general construct of clay mineral and their influence on dirt birthrate for harvest production. It has besides outlined the purposes, aims, research inquiries, job statement, principle and hypothesis of the research undertaking. The map of the survey site exemplifying the location of the site in Capricorn territory municipality and the suitableness map of the survey site has been provided. The geology, mineralogy, clime, dirts and agricultural activities of the survey site have besides been outlined. The dirt physico-chemical and clay mineralogical belongingss are reviewed in the subsequent chapter.

The Political, Economic and Social Aspects of the Enlightenment

The Political, Economic and Social Aspects the Enlightenment The Enlightenment, withal known as Age of Reason, was a cultural movement that sp empathize through England, France, Germany, and other part of Europe. The Enlightenment mainly foc utilise on mathematics, science, art, philosophy, politics and literature in the 1700s. This movement took apart the fear of the world and the medieval views that were placed upon the people for so many years, and it to a fault opened their eyes to new ideas and reason.Old beliefs such as French monarchy (the privileges that were devoted to the French nobility) semipolitical power, and the authority of the Catholic Church were torn down. They were replaced by political and amicable shows that followed along the ideas of freedom and equality that came from this period. The Enlightenments main purpose was to clear society using reason instead of tradition. The Enlightenment started after the scientific resolution in the 1500s and was effect ed by many events that shaped it into what we now direct back to.There where many aspects of the enlightenment that can be broken down into three key factors that contributed to this movement Political, Economical and Social. Political covers the transition from a monarchy to a political order, as well as the three political revolutions. Economical covers the export and import of trade in Europe, and social deals with the art, theater, music and cultural parts of the movement. The Enlightenment is best identified by its political accomplishments and outcomes. This movement was marked by three political revolutions, which all helped lay the foundation for modern republican and constitutional democracy.The first revolution was the English conversion which took place in 1688. The English Revolution was defined by two different revolutions, the Glorious Revolution in 1688 which was the overthrow of King James II of England by the English Parliamentarians and the Dutch Stadtholder Wil liam III of Orange-Nassau. After King James II was overthrown, his Protestant daughter, Mary, and her economise William became joint-monarchs of England. The Glorious Revolution established the supremacy of Parliament over the crown. This also established the first constitutional monarchy, and made it so the power was shared amid the monarchs and the nobles.It also took part because of the growing fear of Catholic tyranny, and because at the time, England was infra the control of an all powerful Catholic monarch. Marxist historians have also used the term English Revolution to describe the period of the English civil wars and commonwealth (1640-1660). The English civil wars were a series of armed conflicts and political plotting mingled with Parliamentarians and Royalists. The commonwealth was the republic that ruled England, Ireland and Scotland. The second revolution that happened during the Enlightenment was the American revolution which took place from 1775 to 1783.This revo lution was the political upheaval during the last half of the eighteenth century towards the end of the enlightenment in which the thirteen colonies that were reached in North America, and joined together to break away from the British Empire and form the United States of America, rejecting the authority of the Parliament of Great Britain. The last political revolution of the Enlightenment was the French Revolution which happened from 1789 to 1799. This revolution was fought to balance the inequalities in French society.Louis sixteen was a weak leader and the monarchs were in debt although only commoners paid taxes. The England government was about to go bankrupt so the king tried to raise taxes, leading to the formation of the National Assembly and the imprisonment of the royal family after France went to war against other European countries. Not until the mid 1800s did a democracy form in France after a monarchy and dictatorship. The second aspect of the enlightenment was the ec onomic section and how it affected the enlightenment. Peasants under feudalism where kept bound to disadvantageous occupations.The occupations that peasants where assigned was under the control of tradition and class assignment. The most disadvantaged occupation was mercantilism, which was a very closely monitored economic system that allowed the government to monitor their kingdoms import-to-export ratio. They could step if undeniable and maintain a favorable balance of trade for their kingdom. French economist Francois Quesnay explained in his book Tableau Economique, written in 1758, that a natural order of trade with only limited government intervention would be more beneficial to the individual and the society.This idea was expanded by Scottish economist cristal Smith in his landmark Wealth of Nations written in 1776. This established the nature of economics into three laws, people work more productively with egotism interest is involved, competition leads to balance and that true supply and demand are a product of free trade. The third and final aspect of the enlightenment was social and cultural interpretation. In opposition to the intellectual historiographical approach to the Enlightenment this aspect examines the changes that occurred during the Enlightenment in European society and cultures.One of the primary elements of the social aspect of the enlightenment was the development of the public sphere, a social group in town where individuals could come together to discuss and identify societal problems, and then discuss political actions. This was a place where people could come together and discuss about matters of mutual interest and try to reach a common judgement. The Enlightenment also cultivated the arts, including music, art, and literature. Learning about art and music became more widespread and common during the enlightenment especially in the middle class and the general public.Learning to read became more common and people where able to afford books because of the recent invention of the printing press. Philosophy can be traced back to 600 BC but seventeenth century philosophy in the Western world is normally regarded as being the start of modern philosophy, this was also known as the Age of Reason. This was also generally regarded as a departure from scholasticism and the medieval approach. The 17th-century philosophy started with the work of Rene Descartes, who set the methodology for many philosophers from the Age of Reason.Philosophers in this era largely focused on systems of epistemology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, politics and physical sciences. The Enlightenment helped develop and innovate philosophy, literature, mathematics and science in countries throughout Europe. It encompassed new thoughts and developments in a categorization of other academic, artistic and social fields like economics, law, industrial technology, humanitarianism and fine arts. It also changed the way that people saw the world and their government. The enlightenment helped the insularity of powers through out Europe and developed natural rights and a democracy in place of monarchy in France.

Ford Hybrid Car Case Bass Essay

Before beginning any case, students should familiarizethemselves with the model being practised. Marketing Engineering for Excel comes with tutorials that demonstrate the capability of each model. The tutorial can be found under each model within the MEXL menu after starting Excel. These tutorials atomic number 18designed to work with our OfficeStar examples which be located in the My Marketing Engineering directory, usu wholey installed in My Documents during softw ar installation. there is no external data set associated with this case all necessary data are included herein. crossroads Hybrid FutureIn September 2006, Alan Mulally had just meditaten over as the CEO of crisscrossisationisation, the fifth largest corporation in the United States. Ford was in trouble, as was the entire American auto industry, partly due to the rapid increase in aver epoch gas prices from $1.10 per gallon for unceasing, unleaded gas in January 2002 to to a greater extent than $2.50 per gallo n in September 2006, according to the Energy Information Administration. Sport utility vehicles and trucks,the mainstays of Fords harvest-festival line, no longer had the depth of consumer appeal they had in the past. Fords stock price had declined more(prenominal) than 30% from September 2004, and for the 2006 fiscal grade, Ford exe stingerives were projecting a loss of al roughly $6 billion from on-going operations paired with restructuring cost, the total projected losses reached approximately $9 billion. Through its Way Forward plan, Ford inform buyout aims for 75,000 hourly workers and planned to cut 30% of its 35,000 salaried employees in the United States. Although these cost-saving measures would improve profitability, ultimately, Ford needed to win in the food marketplace to regain its past status to win, it needs to take drastic market-oriented actions.As part of the Way Forward plan, the previous CEO (and current Chair) William Clay Ford initially announced that th e company would build 250,000 hybridizing cars annually by 2010. Now Mulally is rethinking that commitment Would it be profuse? Would that be too much? He needs a quick and credible solvent to this question before deciding how forcefully to push the hybrid car program within Ford. Mulally as well as recognizes that the technologies and manufacturing systems that support hybrid cars are hold uping more and more sophisticated, and companies such(prenominal) as Toyota and Honda, with their head starts in these areas, may move more apace down the learning curve, producing their cars more cheaply and in great volumes, which would make it difficult for other companies to catch up to them. To plan Fords long-term investments in the hybrid car business, Mulally needs a 10-year compute of the overall U.S. hybrid Copyright 2008 by DecisionPro, Inc. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, go to www.decisionpro.biz. No part of this state-supportedation may be rep roduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any meaning electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of DecisionPro, Inc.market, the worlds largest consumer of gasoline, along with corresponding forecasts for the gross revenue of Fords hybrid cars if they are made obtainable to the market.BackgroundA hybrid car is an automobile powered by two sources (1) an internal combustion engine or diesel engine, as in a fixture car, and (2) an electric automobile motor. However, hybrid cars do not need to be reaerated via electric plugs instead, they receive charge from the movement of the wheels and store the generated kinetic zip fastener through a process called regenerative braking. Hybrid cars provide higher mileage by requiring a less powerful engine than a comparable regular car and foster conserve nonrenewable sources of brawniness, such as diesel or gasoline. The smaller engine in the hyb rid car is powerful enough to move the car along on the freeway, but when it needs to accelerate or get up a steep hill, it needs the assistant of the electric motor and battery to boost the power output. Hybrid cars work much like regular cars and create belittled difference in terms of how they are operate, refilled with gas, or serviced. However, hybrid cars typically cost approximately $3,000 more than comparable regular cars (base price of $25,000 to $30,000) and offer a 10 15% improvement in gas mileage. The actual savings depend on the driving habits of the user gradual acceleration, coasting, and the use of cruise control help increase mileage.Although many experts drop predicted that hybrids will be the cars of the future, it remains difficult to predict their popularity with consumers and, consequently, their profitability for auto companies. Within the past few years, hybrid cars have gone from being novelties, bought generally by environmenta reheels and technology- oriented consumers, to represent an established, though small, part of the automotive landscape. holding to J.D. Power & Associates, hybrids constitute approximately 1.5% of the total U.S. light-vehicle market, but sales have been growing quickly as other segments have stagnated or fallen. Sales in 2005 of 205,000 units were more than double the 2004 sales levels. A recent survey by J.D. Power too reveals that 57% of consumers who expect to acquire a new vehicle within the following two years will consider a hybrid. Worldwide, approximately 800 meg cars and light trucks are in operation, and 240 million of these are in the United States. By 2020, 1 billion cars and light trucks are expected to be in use worldwide. All these cars could eventually be replaced by hybrid cars.In addition to consumer demand for hybrid cars, car manufacturers interest in hybrid cars is driven by cafe (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) regulation, according to which an automaker must maintain a minimum m ileage of 27.5 miles per gallon (mpg) across passenger cars in its product line and 20.7 mpg across light trucks. The U.S. Congress appears likely to raise these standards in the future in response to societal pressures according to some experts, the CAFE average may rise to 35 mpg or higher by 2020 across the entire product line (i.e., including all passenger cars and light trucks produced by the manufacturer). Hybrid cars offer the opportunity to raise gas mileage sufficiently to meet this requirement, and therefore, most car manufacturers have either launched hybrid cars or announced plans to do so. An auto manufacturer that fails to meet the standard must pay a penalty to the federal government, which some companies, including BMW, Porsche, and Ferrari, have paid in 2006. 11The penalty for failing to meet CAFE standards is $5.50 per tenth of a mile per gallon under the target. Thus, a manufacturer that produces cars that average 2 miles under the target and sells 10,000 cars in a given year will pay a fine of $1,100,000 for that year. In 2006, BMW paid a fine of $5.1 million.FORD intercrossed CAR CASE2/8Forecasting ConsiderationsThe chart in Exhibit 1, from www.hybridcars.com, illustrates the variety of opinions regarding sales forecasts for hybrid cars. The black line shows hybrid sales continuing at their current pace, determined in the time since hybrids first were introduced in 2000. Considering the future five-year timeframe, J.D. Power forecasts are well below the line, whereas others (e.g., D.O.E., Freedonia Group, BoozAllen) predict wider public acceptance of hybrids.Exhibit 1 Forecasts for Hybrid CarsThe wide variation in forecasts reflects some fundamental uncertainties surrounding this technology and marketTechnology uncertainties Many ersatz technologies offer different price/performance points. The gaselectric hybrid is the most common alternative technologies include pure electric cars and fuel cadre cars. Alternative fuels might be used in nonhybrid cars and could gain popularity, swaying consumers away from buying hybrids. Some alternative fuels currently in use include E85 (an 85% ethanol blend), clean diesel, and natural gas. For 2006, Ford incr protruding its production of four vehicles that can run on a mixture of gasoline and E85 (i.e., F-150 pickup trucks, Ford Crown Victorias, Mercury Grand Marquis, and Lincoln Towncars).In a 2005 KPMG survey of 140 senior auto executives, 88% predicted that gaselectric hybrids would gain market share. Even within the gaselectric hybrid market, automakers apply the hybrid technology at varying levels. For example, Honda and Toyota make full-blown hybrid cars, whereas General Motors eased into the sector with a scaled-down, less-expensive hybrid technology that still needed some gasoline to power the transmission. A FORD HYBRID CAR CASE3/8breakthrough in battery technology may create a shakeout among the alternative technologies. According to the Department of Energy, either lithium ion or lithium polymer batteries may offer the best future technologies. Lithium ion batteries possess nearly twice the energy of NiMH (nickelmetal hydride) batteries but require significant circuitry to prevent overcharging and undercharging. They withal require thermal management and pose some safety concerns.Hydraulic hybrid technology also is considered superior to the electric hybrid technology, according to the U.S. environmental Protection Agency (EPA) UPS is currently testing hydraulic hybrid trucks for use in itsregular fleet. Auto companies are also testing other technologies in 2007, BMW plans to produce 100 hydrogen cars for its 7 series. BMW spokesperson Andreas Klugescheid notes that these cars will not be sold but rather given to consumers who may have a potential impact on making a hydrogen economy happen. These cars will run on hydrogen or gasoline, depending on the device drivers preference, which acknowledges the limited availability of hydrogen fuel an d the difficulties associated with distributing it.Market uncertainties Many uncertainties surround the decisions of both dealers and consumers. For consumers, the potential economic benefit of a hybrid car depends on the price of gasoline. At a gas price of $2.50 per gallon, the breakeven point between a hybrid and a regular gasoline car can egest after 50,000 miles of driving. The higher initial cost is also a barrier to many consumers. To make hybrid cars more attractive to consumers, federal and state governments offer several incentives. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT) offers consumers and businesses federal value credits for their purchase of fuel-efficient, hybrid electric vehicles, in effect through 2007. The metre of tax credit depends on the fuel economy and ranges from $400 to $2500 per vehicle. Some states also offer special incentives for hybrid car drivers, such as solo use of high occupancy lanes (e.g., Georgia, Florida, Arizona), tax credits (e.g., Utah, Ill inois, Colorado), or exemption from sales tax on the car (e.g., Connecticut, forward-looking Mexico). At the same time, some consumers are willing to buy hybrids, even at higher differential prices, to make a statement (you are what you drive). The Toyota Prius was such a success that dealers charged additional fees for the car and established buyer waiting lists. According to surveys, some consumers would be willing to pay somewhat more for electricity to power their cars if they knew it was flood tide from renewable and nonpolluting resources.Hybrids also may require some changes in driving habits, such as learning to accelerate and stop smoothly and coasting whenever possible. Many consumers also are not aware that, unlike most regular cars, hybrids achieve better mileage during city driving compared with highway driving. Ford is organizing special driver education events, during which current ownerswill team up with Ford engineers to discover ways to improve gas mileage when u sing hybrid cars. The company hopes that such activities will promote wordof-mouth communications more or less Fords hybrid cars. According to Mary Ann Wright, Fords director of hybrid technologies, through this program, we created about 300 ambassadors for us. Its free advertising, and were getting some great feedback from them.Many celebrities, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Cameron Diaz, Bill Maher, and Will Ferrell, not only drive hybrid vehicles but openly promote their choice. Thus, it is becoming easier for consumers to hear buzz about hybrid cars and educate themselves, such as through Internet research or by discussing the option with friends and acquaintances who may own a hybrid.The demographics of the typical hybrid car buyer thus may change in the future, especially if the cars grow more attractive to mainstream car buyers. The characteristics of current hybrid car owners are summarized in theFORD HYBRID CAR CASE.4/8following list (Source Walter McManus, director of the Office for the Study of Automotive Transportation, University of Michigan)High level of education.Higher income than the average new buyerapproximately $100,000 a year versus $85,000 a year for the average buyer.More likely to be female.A few years older than the average car buyercloser to 50 than the average age of 40 years for all car buyers.Drive fewer miles on average.Plan to keep their car longer than the average persona little more than five years rather than less than five years.Willing to pay more for an environmentally friendly (or green) product.Want to do something to help reduce vehicle pollution.More pessimistic about the future of fuel prices than the average person.Forecasting Hybrid Car Adoption victimisation theBass seatA key consideration in developing forecasts using the Bass model is an understanding of the diffusion process of analogous products. Several different product categories may provide suitable analogs based on the substitution of one type of technolo gy by another. Using this logic, the market research group at Ford has proposed that the diffusion process of diesel cars in Europe might provide a suitable analogous situation because, over time, diesel cars substituted for gasoline cars as the technology of choice. Starting with Volkswagens introduction of its Golf diesel car in 1976, the adoption of diesel cars has progressed steadily, and diesel vehicles now account for more than 50% of new car registrations in Western Europe. However, according to Christy Swiecki, an auto industry analyst, the adoption of hybrid cars in the United States is likely to be slower, if the experience of switching to renewable energy is any guide. Although wind, solar, and geothermal sources of energy are more environmentally friendly, their adoption rates have been slow, partly because traditional sources of energy (e.g., coal, petroleum) remain relatively inexpensive and convenient, and alternative sources may not provide greater economic benefits when the total consumer experience is taken into account. According to Swiecki, initial passion for hybrid cars will fade, especially once the market expands beyond the traditional high-income, environmentally friendlyconsumers and as people begin to realize the potential environmental issues with respect to the disposal of the rechargeable batteries in their hybrid cars. She therefore projects sales of hybrid cars in 2015 will be, at most, in the range of 68% of the total light-vehicle market of approximately 16.5 million vehicles.Another approach to forecasting views hybrid technology as a feature enhancement to a regular car that increases its mileage. In that case, hybrid cars would be perceived as just another under-the-hood-innovation that delivers more fuel efficiency without sacrificing power, and they should appeal to a broad market. Using this perspective, the market research group at Ford has proposed that the adoption patterns of antilock braking systems (ABS) and fuel- injection technologies might be useful analogs.Both thesetechnologies were built into products and offered as enhanced features that the customer could learn to buy.Although ABS originally was created for use in aircrafts, by the early 1970s, ABS technology was being developed for automobiles. In 1978, Bosch createdFORD HYBRID CAR CASE5/8the first ABS that could be successfully mass produced, and Mercedes-Benz and BMW began to offer the technology. The early versions weighed about 6 lbs (compared with 1.5 lbs today) and cost several thousand dollars. By 1985, less than 1% of all new vehicles worldwide were equipped with ABSmostly high-profile, high-cost vehicles. In 1985, the Chevy Corvette came standard with ABS for the first time, and by 1989, it was standard in all Porsche models, followed by Mercedes-Benz in 1992. By 2000, 60% of new cars worldwide had ABS, and by 2003, this rate had increased to 69%.Fuel injection is another potential technology enhancement that could serve as an analog for hybrid cars. In a gasoline engine, small amounts of fuelmix with air during combustion. Since the inception of the auto industry, carburettors were the predominant method to meter the amount of fuel used. An engines air-to-fuel ratio must be controlled accurately in different operating conditions to achieve the desired performance metrics. With the development of electronic fuel injection (EFI) technology, fuel could be metered very accurately and precisely, which helped increase gas mileage and reduce air pollutants compared with their levels in carburetted engines. Even though EFI was a much superior technology, the transition from carburettors to EFI was gradual, taking about 14 years from 1979 to 1993 for EFI to displace carburettors. Reasons for the gradual transition included the initial high cost of EFI systems (about $600 more per unit than carburettors) and the lack of clearly perceptible benefits for car owners. As a result, the early EFI systems appeared on ly in luxury and performance cars, which could absorb their higher costs into the overall price.From Market Forecasts to Forecasts for FordFord is primarily interested in how many hybrid cars it will be able to sell in the next 10 years so it can make sound judgments about how much capacity for hybrid cars to build in its factories, as well as the amount of effort it should devote to training its dealer network that will sell the cars. Therefore, marketlevel forecasts need to be converted into forecasts for Ford brand hybrid cars. Exhibits 2 and 3 summarize sales of hybrid cars from 2000 to 2006 and sales of Ford hybrid cars relative to the total market in 2006. Ford introduced the Ford Escape hybrid in late 2004 and the Mercury Mariner hybrid in early 2006.YearNumber ofHybrid Models(LightVehicles)U.S. Sales ofHybrid Cars(Units)U.S. get along Numberof New Cars (LightVehicles) Sold200029,35013,181,0002001220,28713,510,0002002235,00013,639,0002003347,52513,594,0002004588,00013,609,00 020057215,00013,551,000200610252,63613,271,000Exhibit 2 Sales of Hybrids in the United StatesNotes Light vehicles include passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans, and pickup trucks.FORD HYBRID CAR CASE6/8Car ModelHonda InsightToyota PriusHonda CivicHonda AccordToyota CamryToyota HighlanderLexus RX400hLexus GS450hFord EscapeFord Mercury MarinerTotalCombined(city +highway)EPA mpg57555031392929263431Jan.2006597,6543,165351n/a2,2631,477n/a8019715,867Feb.2006726,5471,780783n/a2,6311,803n/a1,23310814,957Mar.2006797,9222,232581n/a2,9872,470n/a1,44114917,861Apr.20061108,2343,087614863,7682,2471413,03938121,707May.2006928,1032,8905203,0323,7552,0062942,43442823,554Jun.2006779,6962,6013964,2682,7051,1902311,56931523,048Jul.20069111,1142,6735045,0232,7841,2201572,06042326,049Aug.200610911,1773,4114994,9772,5811,5141921,78935126,600Sep.20061910,4922,5083894,0442,3471,6871641,36928223,301Oct.200698,7332,2882872,8061,6431,2391771,34325918,784Nov200628,0082,2083113,1001,6671,3271761,32316118, 283Dec200639,2912,4083634,0052,3541,9812521,74822022,625Total UnitSales 2006722106,97131,2515,59831,34131,48520,1611,78420,1493,174252,636Exhibit 3 Unit Sales of Different Models of Hybrid Cars, 2006. (Source www.hybridcars.com www.fueleconomy.gov).FORD HYBRID CAR CASE7/8EXERCISES(1) restate and justify alternative scenarios (i.e., compelling stories about the future) ranging from pessimistic to optimistic with regard to market performance of hybrid cars.(2) Develop forecasts of hybrid car penetration in the U.S. market from 2007 through 2016 for each scenario you develop, along with a justification and explanation for your forecasts. (In applying the Bass model, note that market penetration data for the four analog products mentioned in the case, namely, ABS, EFI, Solar, and Diesel cars, were all reckoned in terms of the percentage of the target market that adopted the product. Thus the maximum market potential can at most be equal to 100).(3) Recommend short-term and long-term st rategies that Ford should pursue based on the forecasts that you develop.Note This case was developed by Professor Arvind Rangaswamy with assistance from Megan Ruth De Stefano and Sasi Amarlapudi. The case is based on publicly available information as of January 2007. Its purpose is to illustrate a business situation involving forecasting, based on real events it does not purport to represent actual decisions made by the Ford Motor Company. Data and the case situation described here are based on information obtained from public sources listed in the body of the text and the following U.S. Department of Transportation http//www.hybridcars.com USA Today, October 14, 2005 Plunkett Research, Ltd. The Wall Street Journal, September 13, 2006.

Ethnic Research Paper

However, disregarding the loss of culture through the western sandwich culture, indispensable Americans put the effort to preserve their culture as much as possible through storytelling. congenital Americans have nonhing but stories to tell. In order for them to know they have existed in the recent. aborigine Americans halt themselves and their culture a cash in ones chips through the power of storytelling, regardless of how the stories are expressed by the storytellers, they any have the implication point at the end. To prevent subjective American inheritance from fading, primordial Americans tell stories as clipping channels.Being born and rough up in the United States, realized that the western culture has much of an impact on me than my home-based culture, Indian. The day I went to a temple in India was when I realized I was non influenced by my culture at all in all instead I was influenced more by western culture. When I went to the temple, was familiar with mann ers that were performed in a temple, however was not as familiar with the phrase that was being spoken as the priest said the prayers. My mother had taken me up to the prayer room where the priest was standing in front of the stage, where all the statues of the gods were set p.I was standing as I clasped my hands in prayer. The priest walked up to me asking me, What is your name child? in Hindi. As I struggled to agnise him, I looked top at my mother for assistance, and she translated for me telling me what the priest was asking before I made a fool out of myself. I replied back saying, Shiva. Then the priest asked me another question in Hindi again, What is this gods name as he point at the statue of a god with an elephant head. When he asked me this, I could not comprehend as to what he was asking was so baffled.Again, looked to my other for help, and she gives me a look as if she expected me to know what the priest was asking me. By this, I realized there was a lyric barrie r between my culture and me. I recognized that if cannot converse with another Indian, how am I enjoin to be close to them in general if western culture is so influential. Culture defines ones identity, because it is the only way one can connect with another by sharing the same language, stories, traditions, songs, beliefs and most significantly ethics.In the PBS article, Revitalization Native American Cultures it States, Language is really a key to he soul of the culture. I was never taught Hindi properly because I have always lived in the United States I have always spoken broken Hindi amalgamate with English UN like my parents who were taught the knowledge to speak Hindi fluently because they were taught by parents as they grew up in India. In We Are Still Here by Leigh Podgiest, Katherine states, When you know your language, you know who you are. But now, today many of my bulk are in great danger of forgetting who they are. Because I do not know my language properly, I fee l like I am out of place when I go to places where my Indian culture IS highly present. Feel as if I do not know who I am. For instance in India I felt out of place because I could not relate with my native members. I did not feel at home, yet was in my home country. In many cultures much(prenominal) as the Native American and Indian cultures, language holds an important responsibility in ones life. Language is a symbol of ones identity and not knowing my language shows how much priority I give to my culture.I felt orthogonal due to my lack of awareness of my culture. As the western culture is so resilient, it is going to cause cultures including Indian and Native American culture to decay along with native languages of the cultures as the futurity generations are born after another. Native American culture is vanishing through various Ways, one being language, because of the influence of western culture. In the article, Katherine Siva Sable, preserver of Cahill culture, dies at 91, written by Elaine Woo, mentions something Katherine used to say often, When you lose your language you lose everything.You cant interpret your song, your stories its gone. By the time my grandchildren children are born, western culture is going to dominate, gashing away the importance of many home-based cultures such as, Indian culture, and Native American culture. I have noticed parents who live in the United States do not offer great attention to teach their children their traditions and heritage of their bows of origin like how they were taught when they were raised.By this, it triggers the youths of todays generation to think it is not important to know what their native culture is and be d avowright influenced by the western culture. In the Issuance Film Festival Classic Film called, alteration by Nabob Becker. It uncovers a story about the Navajo Reservation in the Southern West of United States. Christian missionaries cause disastrous consequences for a Native Americ an family, intruding their worlds with their own ways causing the families to be torn apart.The film starts off with a young Native American girl paseo through the dry fields, as she pulls out a card with a image of Jesus on it, and on the back there is a written verse that says, That they might know thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom thou has sent. John 173. As she is left with hopeless date she and her family faces struggles of her grandfather death, she gazes at the card with hope, as her east resort. With no guidance being offered, or any kind of help as she is alone in her world, this little Native American girl turns to the missionaries.She starts believing in Christianity, more importantly in Jesus Christ trusting he can maintain her through the misery she and her relatives are bearing. By this scene in the film, it shows the influence of the western culture of the missionaries, having extreme power on the young Native American girl and her beliefs. In the begi nning of the film, it proves that the struggle to preserve the Native American culture and land failed, as the fields are dry with no epees in sight. In the PBS article, Revitalization Native American cultures it says, Indians were to be assimilated into the dominant European civilization. The film continues on by showing a young Native American girls conversion. Leaving her faith, she starts believing in Jesus Christ. By this it displays that as the missionaries attempt to take over native land with their western culture, their appearance on to native land has gradually start affecting and influencing the Native Americans upcoming generation. When one stops believing in their culture, and starts believing in another, shows heir change in identity being ignorant and insensible to where they come from or their culture is.Nowadays, many people consider cultures to be fashion trends. Living in the united States as an Indian, have noticed how the western culture uses other cultures suc h as mine, the Indian culture for fashion desires. The Western culture has been devaluing the import Of the Indian customs by taking commodities from the Indian culture for fashion purposes. In the Indian culture, emends, or henna holds a great pagan purpose. At weddings ceremonies, mended plays an important role.Emends is meant to signify the strength of the brides marriage and the amount of love she is about to receive from the grooms family. Emends also symbolizes luck for the bride and her marriage, the darker the color the more luck she has. However, Americans taking the caprice of emends from our religious wedding ceremonies, and hiding the significance of it, using it for fashion purposes undervalues the importance of the religious aspect of emends at Indian weddings. For instance, in the western culture emends is commonplace at summer festivities or music festivals such as concerts and raves.Taking this custom ND relating it back to what Katherine states in the play We A re Still Here by Leigh Podgiest, our social structure and society had broken so far down there was no one left who knew the proper way to perform the ritual. near like Katherine states Americas society snatched the ritual aspect of emends because many Americans are desensitizing from Indians significance of wearing emends on their hands. Americans have also belittled Native Americans heritage in many ways such as, using barred feather Indian headdresses for events that require costumes such as, Halloween, raves, and assign shows.Emends IS not the only religious Indian ornament that is used by Americans for fashion statements. They also use, other religious ornaments such as binds, palls, tikes that are typically used to Binds, palls, and tikes, are also typically used for honoring the start of a new life for the bride. Americans using Native Americans heritage for their fashion purposes degrades the Native American culture, that comes with a storey of events, such as cultural gen ocides, domestic schools, prejudice, lost generations, and the annihilation of folk musics of people and their tribal cultures. In an article written by Angela R.Riley called, Sucking the conjoin Dry discusses about the offence and insensitivity the Native American ethnic music called Quilted had to endure as they encountered MS. Com and Nordstrom use their tribe name and land for commercial benefits. MS. Com disesteemed the culture of the Quilted tribe by making and publishing a virtual tour video of Twilight, and Nordstrom designed and sold items such as hoodoos, and accessories that were related and named after the Quilted tribe. MS. Com trespassed onto the reservation cemetery of the Quilters hat is considered reverend for a virtual tour video of Twilight.Instead of asking the Quilted tribe for permission to enter the unspeakable grounds, MS. Com asked the Chamber of Commerce for permission to able to go on the grounds of the Quilters. By doing so, it displays the respect MS. Com held for the Native American tribe, none. As MS. Com videotaped graves of past chiefs that were displayed on the sacred grounds, presenting the images in the video with chilling music in the background not only shows the ignorance of the American culture in todays society, but also the disrespect awards the Native American culture.As soon as the Quilted tribe discovered this video, they persuaded MS. Com to remove the video off of the Internet. Later on, MS. Com realized that trespassing the great sacred parts of the reservations was wrong because it holds such great significance to the tribe causing them they apologized to the Quilted tribe. The significance and authenticity of the Quilted tribe is diminishing slowly as the American society began marketing their culture in high-end store such as Nordstrom.The Quilted tribe does not mind sharing their tribal culture, as Eng as it was shared in a respectful way, and if they received credibility for it. However, when Nordstro m promoted products related to the tribe such as hoodoos, accessories, and charm bearing Quilted werewolf tattoos they gave no recognition or payment to the Quilted tribe. Similarly to Gwen Stefan, in a recent No Doubt music video, dressed in Native clothing, complete with a fringed tribal dress and feathered headdress. She is chained to a wall by cowboys, captured and held hostage at gunpoint and asks in her lyrics, Do you see me looking hot? The response from the Native American community as a decided no. Backlash included accusations of making a mockery of Native culture, and unfairly profiting from racist stereotypes in the article, Native American Culture is not a trend by Altair Combat. By these selfish acts of the American commerce, tribes such as the Quilted tribe, and other Native American tribes still fall under the poverty mark, while their culture is used for money-making purposes that degrades and lessens the importance their heritage and traditions.As the people of tod ays culture think it is acceptable to use sacred land, authentic wardrobe Of the Native Americans ND vending tribal cultural related items for pastime and fashion purposes not only undervalues the significance of the traditions of the Native American tribes but also insults the culture. As Native American culture is declining, through all the past and present predicaments they have faced taking bits and parts of the culture, altering it. The only method to save the culture is through storytelling. As storytelling is the door to another time, people and culture.In Native American society, storytelling plays a great role in holding the stories from the past, to present day stories, which contains the importance of modifications of values, beliefs, customs and daily lives in Native American culture. In the article, How to live ethnically written by Arthur Durbin states, Stories provide a way of understanding our place in the scheme of things by structuring our understanding of events. They root us in an on-going stream of history and thereby provide us with a sense of belonging and helping establish our identities. Many different Native American storytellers share their stories about the heritage and culture, however regardless in which form the story is expressed they altogether hare the same purpose at the end, preservation of their culture. Storytelling is a way to keep different tribes culture alive. In the article, Native storytellers connect past and the future by Shannon Smith it States, Each tribe has a different creation story, ranging from tribes emerging directly out of the earth to the divine breathing life into medicine bundles. Storytelling is a universal resource of collaborating cultural traditions, morals, and beliefs, as well as a mechanism for passing on information about history, science, government, and politics. Some stories are new others have been handed own from the ancients (Storytelling and Culture). Storytelling and stories are import ant in the creation of the basket in the poem, Reweaving the World Alone by Stephen Meadows, because the basket itself represents the universe of the Native Americans.The basket symbolizes hope for the future of the Native Americans, because their heritage has faced so many tremendous hardships to their land and culture. The basket is composed Of loops that are woven one at a time, as each loop is constructed of a story. These native stories are stories that collect their past, present and future of their culture. These stories are incorporated with different traditions, wisdom, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. The basket in the poem not only represents a collage of stories but can also be interpreted as a symbol of hope for storytelling.Majority of Native history was contained in the words of elders to children. Storytelling is a powerful medium of imagery and description to provide a foundation of understanding Native culture through the diffusion of ideas and history through th emes, as well as give guidance to the role of a woman as protectors of culture and values (Smith). Storytelling provides audience for future posterity as it collects the knowledge of past and present experiences, one is able to live through the lives of many, learn from the mistakes Of many, and gain the wisdom of many.It is the cycle Of life. Despite repeated attempts at annihilation, Native people remain. Native culture focuses on the preservation of culture for future generations, which includes the long past and current reality. As storytelling undergoes radical changes due to the dissipate of native people from the tribal community, the future generation holds the power to progress storytelling, however new and milliamp challenges simultaneously the rotten to extinguish the traditional form (Smith).Storytelling not only hands down knowledge and enlightenment but also keeps the culture prospering, and modifying with the growing time as it emphasizes lives and values of native peoples. As morals and values are passed down through culture and traditions they are altered through passing of each generation. Cultures such as Indian and Native American are gradually being influenced by western culture, causing them to diminish slowly as they are devalued through many ways. Western basal have disrespected and undervalued Native American culture along with Indian culture by using customs, and their heritage for commercial benefits.

Assessing Your Company for Noble Cause Essay

In the past few years, dramatic change has been observed in the ways that are being employ for completing a job, as it is not difficult to find and keep not bad(p) employees in the company. An overall shift in feedplace values has been raised, which is a fact, and which, has changed the ways that were used to perform and complete the work by the employees. In this regard, it is very important to understand the abovementioned shift, in order to build a strong company, while legal transfer on the payroll. Some other factors take up played a vital role in changing the attitude of these employees, as well as, their values in the company.The trend of global market is one of the factors, by which, the position of potency of the employees have been strapped securely. In addition, worker empowerment and change in demographics have in addition played a crucial role in thrusting so-called knowledge workers in the front seats of the company. The need of a better work and life balance has also tends the career to be sacrificed by the employees in this determination. Traditionally, turnover has been stemming by the offering of incentives, such as, promotions, raises, etc. by the companies. However, a more organic crop of incentives has been turned by the human imaging directors forcefully.Some of the reasons of this change have been the global competition and wages, which have rise significantly in the past years. In addition, hierarchies have collapsed and the promotion pool has shrunk in these years. Wise companies will not let any short-term downturn alter their efforts to drop dead one of the most desirable places to work as suggested by a West Coast-based retention strategist and speaker, John B. Izzo. (Withers, 2001) Demographics cannot be changed by the human resource directors. However, the employer-employee power dynamic, which is being affected by the fourth factor, can be responded by the companies today.Lines are now being drawn in the sand, as an gai n has been observed in the risk of burnout tenfold by the working of longer hours and less leisure time of the employees. In this regard, a pace of change extraordinary in history is being faced by the workers in companies. It has been observed that self-identity is being tied up with the work identity by todays workers, as shown in different studies. Instead, work and leisure is being tried to balance with the financial aid of different ways that are being explored by these workers. In this regard, shifting of the values of these workers has been observed discernibly.The ways are intensifying, which are being implemented by the workers, in order to achieve their personal goals. In this regard, great staff is being found, kept, and engaged with the help of following strategies Practical situations and offers should be made to the employees with the regard to the improvement and enhancement of their work and life balance. A maven of a deeper cause should be promoted for the employ ees. Different opportunities related to the professional development and growth of the employees should be offered. Employees should be treat like partners rather than treating them as servants.A community should be created in the workplace, in order to help workers in their office work, as well as, their homework. Trust should be rebuilt with the workers in every way. Suggestions for Companies An sign assessment has been designed from the following statements regarding the way an organization and its departments are doing in response to the procedures of search for employees with perspective of a noble cause. Thinking will be guided from this assessment, however, no definitive quantitative appraisal will be provided by it. A scale has also been provided to asses the statement regarding your work environment.The deeper meaning of the ware or a service has been described by a statement of the company. For instance, human life has been improved and preserved, people are made happy a t home, etc. (It Yes is the answer, but, it is rare, then 1 point should be assigned. If the statement is real and applied often, then 3 points should be tallied). Company provides opportunities regarding the different volunteerism and community service to the employees. (If the opportunities have been provided by the company, then 1 point should be given. If training and encouragement is given to the employees, then 2 points should be given.If payment is given to the employees who move in these activities, then give 3 points) . The people are inspired by higher ethics, in order to perform the right thing with the help of a set of values in the company. (If a set of values is in the organization, but it is rarely applied, then give 1 point. If these values have been employed, and ensuring methods have been implemented, then 3 points should be given. If such a statement is in the company, but the values are not observed by the company, and it has deform a joke for the employees, th en subtract 2 points). In the community, a reputation regarding the commitment has been gained by the company with regard to the larger community. (one point) . Profits are not considered the only way of presenting the results of the company. However, the people who have been impact by the services of the company are often presented during large company meetings. (If these habits are performed by the company, then 1 point should be given. If services are given stronger preference over profits, then 3 points should be given) .

Innovation and creativity evaluation of Apple Corporation Essay

Economic ontogeny and development of any country depends upon a well-knit pecuniary arrangement. Financial remains comprises, a set of sub- carcasss of pecuniary institutions financial markets, financial instruments and services which help in the formation of capital. Thus a financial system provides a utensil by which savings are transformed into investments and it can be said that financial system play an significant role in economical growth of the country by mobilizing surplus finances and utilizing them effectively for productive purpose.The financial system is characterized by the presence of integ roll in the hay outd, organized and regulated financial markets, and institutions that meet the succinct term and long term financial needs of both the household and corporate sector. Both financial markets and financial institutions play an important role in the financial system by rendering various financial services to the community. They operate in close combination wi th each other. Financial SystemThe intelligence agency system, in the term financial system, implies a set of complex and closely connected or interlined institutions, agents, practices, markets, transactions, claims, and liabilities in the parsimoniousness. The financial system is come to about money, credit and finance-the three terms are intimately related yet are somewhat different from each other. Indian financial system consists of financial market, financial instruments and financial intermediation Role/ Functions of Financial System A financial system performs the following functions* It serves as a link amongst savers and investors. It helps in utilizing the mobilized savings of scattered savers in more efficient and effective manner. It channelises flow of saving into productive investment. * It assists in the selection of the projects to be financed and also reviews the mental process of such projects periodically. * It provides payment mechanism for exchange of good s and services. * It provides a mechanism for the transfer of resources across geographic boundaries.It provides a mechanism for managing and controlling the risk involved in mobilizing savings and allocating credit. * It promotes the process of capital formation by bringing together the supply of saving and the demand for investible funds. * It helps in lowering the cost of transaction and make up returns. Reduce cost motives people to save more. * It provides you detailed information to the operators/ players in the market such as individuals, business houses, Governments etc. Components/ Constituents of Indian Financial system The following are the four main components of Indian Financial system 1.Financial institutions 2. Financial Markets 3. Financial Instruments/Assets/Securities 4. Financial Services. Financial institutions Financial institutions are the intermediaries who facilitates down functioning of the financial system by making investors and borrowers meet. They mobi lize savings of the surplus units and allocate them in productive activities promising a better rate of return. Financial institutions also provide services to entities seeking advises on various issues ranging from restructuring to diversification plans.They provide whole range of services to the entities who want to raise funds from the markets elsewhere. Financial institutions act as financial intermediaries because they act as middlemen between savers and borrowers. Were these financial institutions may be of Banking or Non-Banking institutions. Financial Markets Finance is a obligatory for modern business and financial institutions play a vital role in economic system. Its through financial markets the financial system of an economy works. The main functions of financial markets are.To facilitate creation and allocation of credit and liquidity 2. to serve as intermediaries for mobilization of savings 3. to assist process of balanced economic growth 4. to provide financial conv enience Financial Instruments Another important constituent of financial system is financial instruments. They represent a claim against the proximo income and wealth of others. It will be a claim against a person or an institutions, for the payment of the some of the money at a specified up plan of attack date. Financial ServicesEfficiency of emerging financial system largely depends upon the quality and variety of financial services provided by financial intermediaries. The term financial services can be defined as activites, benefits and satisfaction connected with sale of money, that offers to users and customers, financial related value. Pre-reforms Phase Until the early 1990s, the role of the financial system in India was primarily restricted to the function of channeling resources from the surplus to deficit sectors.Whereas the financial system performed this role reasonably well, its operations came to be marked by some serious deficiencies over the old age. The banking s ector suffered from lack of competition, low capital base, low Productivity and high intermediation cost. After the nationalization of large banks in 1969 and 1980, the Government-owned banks dominated the banking sector. The role of technology was minimal and the quality of service was not given adequate importance. Banks also did not follow proper risk steering systems and the prudential standards were weak.All these resulted in poor asset quality and low profitability. Among non-banking financial intermediaries, development finance institutions (DFIs) operated in an over-protected environment with most of the funding coming from assured sources at concessional terms. In the insurance sector, in that location was little competition. The mutual fund industry also suffered from lack of competition and was dominated for long by one institution, viz. , the Unit Trust of India. Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) grew rapidly, but there was no regulation of their asset perspecti ve.Financial markets were characterized by control over determine of financial assets, barriers to entry, high transaction costs and restrictions on movement of funds/participants between the market segments. This apart from inhibiting the development of the markets also affected their efficiency. Financial sector Reforms in India It was in this backdrop that wide-ranging financial sector reforms in India were introduced as an integral part of the economic reforms initiated in the early 1990s with a view to improving the macroeconomic performance of the economy.The reforms in the financial sector focused on creating efficient and stable financial institutions and markets. The approach to financial sector reforms in India was one of gradual and non-disruptive progress through a consultative process. The Reserve Bank has been consistently working towards setting an enabling regulatory mannikin with prompt and effective supervision, development of technological and institutional inf rastructure, as well as changing the interface with the market participants through a consultative process.unappeasable efforts pass been made towards adoption of international benchmarks as appropriate to Indian conditions. While certain changes in the legal infrastructure are yet to be effected, the developments so far have brought the Indian financial system closer to global standards. The reform of the interest regime constitutes an integral part of the financial sector reform. With the onset of financial sector reforms, the interest rate regime has been largely deregulated with a view towards better price discovery and efficient resource allocation.Initially, go were taken to develop the domestic money market and freeing of the money market rates. The interest rates offered on Government securities were progressively raised so that the Government borrowing could be carried out at market-related rates. In respect of banks, a major effort was undertaken to simplify the administ ered structure of interest rates. Banks now have sufficient flexibility to decide their deposit and lending rate structures and manage their assets and liabilities accordingly.At present, apart from savings account and NRE deposit on the deposit side and export credit and small loans on the lending side, all other interest rates are deregulated. Indian banking system operated for a long judgment of conviction with high reserve requirements both in the form of Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR). This was a consequence of the high fiscal deficit and a high degree of monetisation of fiscal deficit. The efforts in the recent period have been to lower both the CRR and SLR.The statutory minimum of 25 per cent for SLR has already been reached, and while the Reserve Bank continues to pursue its medium-term objective of reducing the CRR to the statutory minimum level of 3. 0 per cent, the CRR of SCBs is currently placed at 5. 0 per cent of NDTL. As part of the refo rms programme, due attention has been given to diversification of ownership leading to greater market accountability and improved efficiency. Initially, there was infusion of capital by the Government in public sector banks, which was followed by expanding the capital base with equity participation by the private investors.This was followed by a reduction in the Government shareholding in public sector banks to 51 per cent. Consequently, the share of the public sector banks in the aggregate assets of the banking sector has come down from 90 per cent in 1991 to around 75 per cent in2004. With a view to enhancing efficiency and productivity through competition, guidelines were laid down for giving medication of new banks in the private sector and the foreign banks have been allowed more liberal entry. Since 1993, twelve new private sector banks have been set up.As a major step towards enhancing competition in the banking sector, foreign direct investment in the private sector banks i s now allowed up to 74 per cent, effect to conformity with the guidelines issued from time to time. Conclusion The Indian financial system has undergone structural transformation over the past decade. The financial sector has acquired strength, efficiency and stability by the combined effect of competition, regulatory measures, and policy environment. While competition, consolidation and convergence have been recognized as the key drivers of the banking sector in the coming years