Los Angeles Kings Marketing Plan Essay

I. Executive Summary The NHL has seen its fairs share of storied franchises, but non-however may stick out more than the Los Angeles Kings. At one time the Kings had acquired arguably, the best player to ever lace up his skates in Wayne Gretzky and were competing for the Stanley Cup year-in-and-year-out. The Kings have been long regarded as one of the better ran franchises in sports, thanks to managements commitment to winning. However, the Kings have not managed their ultimate goal of a Stanley Cup, they manage to remain competitive every year. The closest they came was in 1993, where they lost to the Montreal Canadians in the Stanley Cup Finals. Behind the play on the ice though comes a marketing strategy that ties it all together. This strategy will be developed in conjunction with, Vice President of Marketing Jonathon Lowe, and team owners Philip Anschutz and Edward Roski Jr. The following strategy will include sales, promotions, merchandising, advertising/sponsorships, public relations, and then of course community relations. The Kings came to the NHL in 1966, as apart of the â€Å"new 6† that doubled the size of the NHL and brought a franchise to Southern California. Then owner of the Los Angeles Lakers, Kent Cooke brought his passion for the sport of hockey, and for the city of Los Angeles together when he created the organization. After 44 seasons of hockey the Kings are now one of the more storied franchises in the NHL today. This past season the Kings enjoyed a great fan turnout averaging 18,803 fans filling the building to an average of 99.8% capacity, up 6% from the previous season. The Kings do not have to compete with the LA Lakers or Clippers of the NBA so much being as how all three teams play out of the Staples Center, but in a city like LA where the entertainment dollar is more competitive now than ever, it is important for the Kings to stay ahead of the rest of the competition. Fans need to know that they have the opportunity to catch the most exciting game on ice, every time the Kings play at home. If there is one thing LA fans are notorious for it is only coming to â€Å"important† games. That is why we need to branch out to new fans and make sure old fans still know the Kings run this town. II Sales: Sales, the lifeblood of any organization, the biggest factor that separates a successful franchise to a non-successful franchise. The Kings currently have their season ticket plan broken up into several different categories they include, full/half season ticket plans, along with 10-game deals, a Wild West package, and then single/group ticket sales. Also there are Royal benefits made available to full/half season ticket holders, and 10-game ticket holders. By becoming a season ticket holder be it full, half, or a 10-game plan the fan is entitled to Royal benefits that include but are not limited to: * Stanley Cup Playoff Ticket Priority * Significant saving on tickets * Flexible interest free payments * 10% off at the team LA Store * Ability to purchase advance tickets to other events at the Staples Center, Home Depot Center, LA LIVE and more * Ability to purchase Staples Center pre-paid parking They also include Royal Service Programs that include: * Access to a personal Season Ticket Service Executive * Kings CARE donation program (this gives the ticket holder the opportunity to donate unwanted tickets to the Kings CARE foundation) * Ability to upgrade account or add tickets to account * Access to LAKings.com/seasontix this website give the fan the option to view their account, access tickets, make payments, renew tickets, and sell tickets on Ticketmaster’s TicketExchange They also include Royal Treatment: * Receive invites to exclusive Team Member events like, a Meet the Players Party, State of the Franchise, private practices, listen in on conference calls, and much much more * Refer a friend to season tickets and receive free Team LA gear. The Kings play 82 regular season games in the Western Conference, Pacific division. Of these 82 games 41 are played at home, the rest on the road. For all 41 home games the ticket sales are as follows: The Kings offer great deals to buy tickets in bulk, i.e. season tickets and are willing to sacrifice some profits to bring fans into the arena. The only thing that the Kings lack in their season ticket packages are names that people can get excited for. The full season ticket holder package will be renamed the â€Å"King’s Royal Court†, this is something that will help the fan feel more connected to the team. The half season ticket holder package will be known as â€Å"the Royal package of the Crown†. The 10-Game packages needed names with a little more spunk so instead of the 10-Game, Big Game package, it will be known as the â€Å"10-Game War† to because it is war on the ice and the team will be playing some of the best competition the NHL has to offer. The Weekend Plan could be renamed â€Å"Time Away From the Throne†, because it is a weekend and people typically do not have to work. I like the name of the Flex package because it tells the consum er exactly what they are getting. Following package sales are individual ticket sales and group ticket sales. Single game tickets can be purchased through the box office or the team’s website via Ticketmaster. Pricing for tickets are based on demand, opponent, day of week, and number of days before the game. Prices may vary from week to week and will go up or down each Wednesday based on these factors. The way the price for tickets is determined is very interesting, it is good for the fans and bad for the fans, because the system relies heavily on what games being played and there performance of the team. This gives fans with a lower level of income the ability to catch a Kings game, even though the opponent might not be that good. Group tickets are available to groups of 15 or more and offer value priced seating based on the game. The idea behind group seating is to bring the groups, pride, passion, and power to the Staples Center to support the LA Kings. The Kings work with multiple youth hockey organizations, along with other organizations throughout the area to achieve group sales. III Promotions The Kings do an excellent job with promotions to get fans into the arena, different nights of the week have a different theme, all of which appeal to the people who live in the Los Angeles area. The promotions schedule is as follows: * Oct. 18: Opening Night * Oct. 22: Law Enforcement Appreciation Night * Oct. 25: Kroq Tailgate, Hockey fights cancer * Nov. 3: Canadian Heritage Night * Nov. 5: Waste Management â€Å"Green Game† * Nov. 8: Native American Pride Night, USC vs UCLA * Nov. 12: Boy Scout Night * Dec. 1: Career Night * Dec. 10: Legends Night, Firefighter Appreciation Night * Jan. 2: Legends Night * Jan. 5: Faith & Family Night * Jan. 9: Russian Heritage Night * Jan. 12: Waste Management â€Å"Green Game† * Jan. 19: Jewish Pride Night * Jan. 23: Armenian Pride Night * Feb. 18: Legends Night, Black History Night * Mar. 3: Waste Management â€Å"Green Game† * Mar. 22: Law Enforcement Night presented by Enterprise Rent-a-center Along with these promotions that are geared towards promoting community bonding there is Military Mondays which honors those who have served in our military, Website Wednesdays which offer different deals on Wednesday of ever week, and Student Nights which are games that offer discounted tickets to all students with valid ID. IV Merchandising Merchandising deals with all aspects of the game, it is the difference between any old game and a sporting event. The fact that when a fan enters the Staples Center they are welcomed to a sea of black and purple and blinded by the Kings crown is what makes a Kings game a Kings game. The Kings are fortunate to have a very intensive website dedicated to Merchandise that includes jerseys, tee shirts, golf shirts, sweatshirts, and much more. The goal behind the Kings merchandising techniques is that everyone who walks into Staples Center better be wearing some type of Kings memorabilia and if they are not they better walk out with something on. In the arena itself there is a store dedicated to offering women’s apparel. The store had pink and form fitting hockey jerseys for women because the normal jerseys are too big. The store also had Kings shirts that are a little more flashy than normal and would appeal more to a women’s eye. Along with the women’s store there are several stores in the arena that are designed for children. These stores have Kings toys and mini hockey sticks, plus clothes and jerseys designed for children to wear. All along the arena there are places for men to buy merchandise they include jerseys, hats, tee shirt, sweatshirts, hockey pucks and much more. Some of the more popular items are the shirts designed for women, golf balls and hockey puck with the Kings logo on it. The Kings have a very recognizable brand and are amongst the top teams in revenue generators for the NHL. V Sponsorships The Kings have formed multiple corporate sponsorships that help fuel their organization. Most notably is Staples, whom own the naming right to the arena they play in but that is also in conjunction with the Lakers, Clippers, and city of Los Angeles. On top of that the Kings have teamed up with Verizon Wireless and Wells Fargo both of which are huge national organizations. The Kings also pair up with corporations to bring events to games. The Kings have deals wit h Pizza Hut to sponsor events, Waste Management sponsors â€Å"Green Games† for the Kings, and Kroqs also sponsored a themed game promotion. Sponsorships are a huge part of revenue and the best way to attract new sponsors is to attract fans. Some suggestions that the Kings could use would be to get a company to sponsor some type of ticket deal, it would reduce the cost to the consumer, and could come with coupons to use at the sponsoring company’s facilities. Another sponsorship idea is to have corporate sponsored events like a golf outing for charity or something of that nature. The Kings have the luxury have having a giant billboard that surrounds the ice they play on so corporate sponsors are not too hard to come by. Some notable sponsorships are Delta, Carl’s JR, Hooters, Toyota, and the Penalty Box, which is a bar located in South LA dedicated to the Kings. Another way the Kings could promote corporate sponsorship is through some type of wellness card. All card carriers would receive benefits to participating companies, and could include money off food, gas, or clothing. The card is something that can purchase through the LA Kings and will offer deals to its card carrier. VI Public Relations Public Relations are important to any organization and the Kings are no exception to this. The Kings already do an excellent job with their PR. The teams website is more than informative and gives fans a very hands on approach to press releases, game notes, and player stats/news. The idea behind good public relations is that by being perceived as good in the public’s eye will equate to more ticket sales and more support of the team. No one will support a team that is full of classless thugs, and that is why the website is so interactive. The fans have a chance to read up on their favorite players, see where they are from, and their career stats. That is fairly basic though, I propose each player prepares a short, quick, bio about themselves answering some fun questions like â€Å"what’s your favorite movie?,† â€Å"what’s your favorite food?†, â€Å"who is your favorite band?†. Questions that when answered will give the fan one more possible way to connect to their favorite athlete. Not only that, but by doing this it will give fans the chance to get to know new players. Another big part of PR is getting team new out their fast before the media gets the wrong story out there. The Kings have all updates on player personnel available on the team website and also through the teams’ Twitter and Facebook accounts. The Kings have 165-thousand Facebook fans and 49.6-thousand followers on Twitter. The Kings have really utilized social media as a positive tool while dealing with Public Relations. VII Community Relations Community Relations is similar to PR but deals more with the local community at hand rather than the view of the team under the national spotlight. For the Kings the city of LA has been very gracious hosts and the Kings have returned the favor significantly. The Kings have been in the area for the last 44 years and have maintained an excellent presence in the city. In 1996, the Kings started the Kings CARE Foundation, which is dedicated to helping less fortunate kids get through school by providing educational support the Kings were able to raise $3.5 Million since being started. This includes a $250-thousand donation that was used to help fund the Children’s Museum of Los Angeles, and another $250-thousand donation that was dedicated to AIDs victims. Another thing the Kings do is Kids Ice Knights, which donates over 10,000 tickets a year to kids who cannot afford to go to Kings games. The Kings Care Foundations hosts a silent auction every year that benefits the Children Cancer Research Fund, the items up for auction were tee shirts designed by team players and those associated with the Kings. The players all designed a dog bowl that were auctioned off, all proceeds of this went to the Society of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Los Angeles. The 2006-2007 campaign gave the Kings the opportunity to work with Carmen Electra’s fundraiser, Head to Hollywood, which benefits survivors of brain cancer/head trauma. The team sponsored events at their home games where Miss USA and other celebrities shot pucks into an empty net to raise money. Every Wednesday the Kings feature children up for adoption in the greater LA area. In 1998, the Kings began a scholarship fund for fallen friend Michael Jund, and has been changing the lives of its recipient for over a decade. Finally the Kings pair with Toys for Tots around the holidays to bring holiday cheer to children. The Kings take a very active role in the community. On top of all of this players are constantly visiting the less fortunate and making sure the community knows the Kings care. It is important for the Kings to maintain their strong community ties because every season starts with the off-season.

Describe the functions of managers Essay

Good management and leadership are critical for organisations to function and also for the organisations to thrive. When organisations are well managed just like Barclay, they can operate effectively and they can operate efficiently. Managers have very good and clear plans, mangers have organised structures, systems, and they also evaluate results. When organisations are well led, they adapt to changes in the environment and develop cultures that inspire commitment and innovation. Both good management and good leadership are necessary to sustain organisational performance. Mangers are responsible for getting work done usually through other people; the term manger may also refer to a number of different people within a business. Some job titles include the word manager, such as a personal manger or managing director. Other jobholders may also be mangers even through there titles do not say it. * Mangers act on behalf of the owners – in a company, senior management are accountable shareholders * Mangers set objectives for the organisation, for example, they may decide that a long-term objective is to have a greater market share than all of the company’s competitors. * Managers make sure that a business achieves its objectives, by managing others. * Managers ensure that cooperate values which means the value of the organisation are maintained in dealings with other business, customers, employees and general public. When an organisation is managed well mangers effectively perform four essential management functions Henry Fayol the French management theorist listed a number of functions or elements of management these are: * Planning * Organising * Commanding * Coordinating * Controlling Planning This involves mangers setting objectives and also the strategies, policies, programmes and procedures for achieving them. Planning might be done by line mangers who will be responsible for performance. However advice on planning may also come from staff management who might have expertise in that are even if they have no line authority. For example, a production may carry out human recourse planning in the production department, but use the skills of the personal manager in planning recruitment for vacancies that may arise. In general, planning involves defining organisational goals and proposing ways to reach them. Managers plan for 3 reasons: * To establish an overall direction for the organisations future, such as a target say for example to increase profit, expand market share,, etc, etc. * To identify and commit the organisations resources to achieving its goals. * To decide which tasks must be done to reach those goals. * Barclays mangers set up objectives * Barclays bank makes up smart plans to achieve set objectives. * Manpower planning * Production budgets * Cash budgets * Sales targets Organising Mangers set task, which need to be performed if the business is to achieve its objectives. Jobs need to be organised within sections or departments and authority and authority needs to be delegated so that jobs are carried out. For example: the goal of a manufacturing company may be to produce quality goods that will be delivered to customer on time. The tasks such as manufacturing, packaging, administration, etc. that are part of producing and distributing the goods, need to be organised to achieve this goal. For example in Barclays within Barclay’s managers, supervisors must lead the employees with the delegated job. After mangers have prepared plans, they must translate those relatively abstract ideas into practice reality. Organising is the processes of creating a structure of relationships that will enable employees to carry out management’s plans and meet organisational goals. By organising effectively. Mangers can better coordinate human, material, and information resources. An organisations success depends largely on management’s ability to utilise those resources effectively and efficiently. * Organise working procedures * Organisational structure, chain of command needs to be established. * Organising which member of staff in Barclays does what. * Distribution channels. * Quality systems Commanding This involves giving instructions to subordinates to carry out tasks. The manger has the authority to make decisions and responsibilities to see tasks carried out. For example in Barclays plc the management team must put plans into action by allocating the best use of resources to achieve the plan. To make sure the plans are achieved mangers use their delegation skills. Coordinating This is the bringing together of the activities of people with the business. Individuals and groups will have there own goals, which may be different to those of the business and each other. Management must make sure that there is a common approach, so that the company’s goals are achieved. * Mangers coordinate the work force * Mangers in Barclays bank direct employees what they are doing. * Delegating tasks * Mangers resolve conflicts of interests in the different functional areas of the business. * This helps mangers to motivate their staff. Controlling Mangers measure and correct the activities of individuals and groups to make sure that their performance fits in with plans. Control is the monitoring of evens and progress within each department. For example within Barclays the organisation a range of departments for example the finance department they will monitor there budget and performance. The process by which person group or organisation consciously monitors performance and takes corrective action this is called controlling, another example would be that Barclays finance department will be controlling and monitoring customers transactions, etc, etc and they will keep a history and they will keep a record file of that customer. Management control system sends signal to managers that things are not working out as planned and that corrective action is needed. * Barclays bank monitor and measure what is being archived in each of their department. * Barclays control, monitor there sales performance. * Barclays control and monitor their cash flow against their budget. Leading After management has made plans, created a structure of work practice, and hired the right personal, someone must lead the organisation, leading involves communicating with and motivating others to perform the tasks necessary to achieve the organisations goals. Leading is not done only after planning and organising end, it is a crucial element of these functions.

Beccaria’s Theory

Crime and punishment Amy Lynn Sprague Criminology – 3 Crime and punishment While cesare beccaria believed in the need for a criminal justice system and the right of the government to have laws and punishments, he never viewed the current justice system to be a successful one. Beccaria felt that the government and its laws at the time were just a â€Å"few remnants of the laws of an ancient predatory people, compiled for a monarch who ruled 12 centuries ago in Constantinople, mixed subsequently with longobardic tribal customs, and bound together in chaotic volumes of obscure and unauthorized interpreters. He had also felt that the criminal laws should be based on rational thought and not passion. Cesare argued that the threat of punishment controls crime. 1. Do other forms of social control exist? Yes! Other forms of social control exist and not only that without valid and reliable measures of criminal behavior, efforts to conduct research on crime and formulate criminological theories would be futile although some behaviors are handled differently than others. 2. Aside from the threat of legal punishment, what else controls your behavior? A person’s behavior is basically regulated by a sense of what is right and wrong. Society sets behavior expectations that become a part of what is acceptable or not in how we live our lives. Acceptable behavior is reinforced at home during the developmental years of a child. Families play a major role in how individuals consider what behavior is acceptable. For example women, it is not so much society that governs their behavior. For a woman the primary behavior modifier is their inferior brains, which limit their behaviors to cooking, cleaning, producing and raising children, and general. Social norms discourage men from being stay at home dads, expressing emotions, being nurses, cooking, cleaning, etc. Males in society are governed by social expectations. Besides that a liberal justification of punishment would proceed by showing society needs the threat and the practice of the criminal system to control the freewilled and rational human being. (Newson A. , 2011) References Newson, A. (2011). Amy's. Retrieved January 20, 2012, from Nyessay: http://nyessay/law/amys

Is Islamic Financing better for Real Estate financing than the Essay

Is Islamic Financing better for Real Estate financing than the conventional Financing - Essay Example (Tarek El Diwany, 2003) While conventional banking is more of a profit oriented business seeking interest on the finance provided to the consumer, being part of the capitalistic interest based financial system, etc. (Kabir Hassan and Mervyn Lewis, 2007) Islamic banking activities are mostly clustered around three parts of the world; Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is further reported that Islamic banking system provides services in the real estate sector in many Muslim countries and banks have started special windows to attract petrodollars from the Muslim people. It is further reported there is high scope for investing Islamic financing in real estate market in Singapore, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Bahrain and other Muslim nations as it offers more ethical and efficient alternatives as compared to the interest based conventional banking system.(M. Mansoor Khan and M. Ishaq Bhatti, 2008) Since the Islamic financing has strong foothold in many of the Muslim count ries and provides services in various fields, it is believed that Islamic finance is better than the conventional financing system with regard to the financing in real estate sector as it provides more customer oriented services unlike the conventional banking where profit is the first objective of the organization. Hence the present study is proposed into the research of Islamic financing system and conventional financing system, and which is the best suited in the area of real estate financing to the public. Zamir Iqbal et al (2009) mentioned that the conventional financing system which is based on debt financing has taken a set back after the recent credit crisis that started with the initial collapse of the sub prime real estate market in the United States in 2007. Islamic banking and finance represents the worldwide phenomenon that is taking place in Malaysia, Indonesia, the United

Contemporary Risk Management - Climate Change Essay

Contemporary Risk Management - Climate Change - Essay Example Many of these issues have direct implications for the risk management and insurance industry. Global warming refers to the gradual warming of the earth’s atmosphere that has been documented over the last 150 years. Global warming can result from natural fluctuations in climate or can be induced by human causes. There had been considerable debate as to whether human activity in producing increased emissions and concentrations of greenhouse gases has been associated with the global warming trend. Greenhouse gases effectively trap the heat in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, principally CO2, but also ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide, are produced by burning fossil fuels like oil, coal, and natural gas. Energy producers, automobile users, manufacturers, and households all burn fossil fuels and produce greenhouse gas emissions. The rising concentrations of CO2 that are causing global warming principally come from energy production, factories, homes, automobiles, and deforestation. Rising CO2 concentrations are a symptom of expanding economies, jobs, and standards of living. Indeed these economic benefits form the most frequently sited argument for resisting the Kyoto Treaty and other control techniques. For instance, President Bush stated in rejecting the Kyoto Treaty that it would â€Å"have a negative economic impact, with layoffs of workers and price increases for consumers† (Sanger, 2005, 24). Some studies have indicated that agriculture and forestry will actually improve from global warming. For instance, the NAST report finds that U.S. crop productivity is very likely to increase over the next few decades because of global warming. While benefiting consumers, falling crop prices and competitive pressures are likely to stress some farmers. The NAST report also found that forest productivity is likely to increase over the next

ESSAY PAPER Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PAPER - Essay Example Most of the litter is so small that it is present in the top layer of the water columns. Due to this fact, they are very hard to see, even with a satellite view. These plastics end up in stomachs of birds and marine animals. Not only the larger animals are affected, but whole eco-systems (starting with the smaller fish or jellyfish) can be suffering from hormonal disruptions and toxins. The water and wind currents have gathered masses of garbage in some kind of soup. Scientists say that the biggest one, the Pacific Garbage Patch, is about the size of the state of Texas (UNEP). The Creation of the Garbage Patches At first, the thought was that the islands were formed by the water currents in the oceans, gathering all the rubbish. But, the rubbish also seemed to come from the land, where the wind takes it and brings it out to the sea. According to researches, 80% of the plastic in the sea originates from land and roughly 20% comes from boats (Greenpeace Int.). A passenger cruise ship c an produce about eight tons of solid waste every week (Greenpeace Int.). Most of this waste is organic, but much of it will directly go the garbage patches. Due to the currents in the oceans, the garbage is contained and trapped in the swirling waters. Because of these currents, several garbage patches were created in our oceans; the North Atlantic Gyre, the South Atlantic Gyre, the Indian Ocean Gyre, the South Pacific Gyre and the North Pacific Gyre. The patches were already predicted in 1988, in a research paper from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This research was based on measurements of plastic and concentrations of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean (Day). The Problems of the Garbage Patches Plastic does not decay, but disintegrates into constantly smaller particles, till the molecular level. The molecules don’t decay any further and stay plastic polymers. Because they don’t fall apart, they stay afloat in the top layers of the water, where they are easily mistaken for food by fish and birds, that normally would get their food out of this part of the water (Greenpeace Int.). These animals will eat the plastic and give the toxins to their young, which sometimes die because of this. When the dead animals decay and end up back in the ocean, the plastic will return as well, where it can kill again. The levels of toxins in the water can become very high (Morton). Smaller fish, which swallow the toxins, are also food for other sea life like turtles or albatrosses, which will swallow the toxins and so on and so forth, until the chemicals end up on our own diner plate as well. The United Nations Environment Program (2005) says that the plastic is responsible for the deaths of more than 1.000.000 million seabirds and more than 100.000 sea animals, like whales, dolphins and seals. Further investigation has concluded that at least 267 animal species are being affected by this pollution (Greenpeace Int.). Around 6.4 m illion tons of litter comes into the seas every year. 8 million items are dumped in the sea every day, of which 5 million is thrown from ships (UNEP). The plastic does not only stay at the top of the water, it also sinks to the bottom. Here it covers and smothers the coral and sea life on the bottom of the ocean (UNEP). Greenpeace claims that about 70% of the plastic that ends up in the sea, will eventually

Alternative Assessment Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative Assessment Analysis - Essay Example Various forms of formal alternative assessments are the portfolios, projects, and journals. These kind of assessments have specific guidelines and formally specified performance indicators that are used to measure students learning. The major situation in which these kinds of assessments are appropriate is actually, when the learning attribute measured is specific and can be practically revealed. A good example is the assessment of a student’s ability to plan, manage, and implement a program related to their field of study. In such a case a project or a portfolio can be very appropriate to assess the student’s skills. The most conspicuous form of an informal alternative assessment is observation. This kind of assessment is informal since it has no specific indicators that can show the level of performance of a student. It is also one kind of an assessment undertaken informally and sometimes the student might fail to realize that he is being assessed. This kind of assessment is very appropriate when it comes to assessing competency of some aspects of learning that the student might try to hide. A good example is the assessment of pronunciation and communication ability of a student. There was a time our teacher used observation form of assessment in assessing our ability to communicate back in elementary school. Most of us were not aware that it was an assessment until the teacher told us so after we had completed the task that was assigned to us. The assignment was simple since each of the students was to use five minutes to explain to the teacher his most exciting moments of the class. Later, after the teacher informed us that it was an assessment he showed us the rubric that he was using to mark the assessment. He later told each of us his score in the assessment, where he had gone wrong, and what he needs to improve. He also told us various types of instructions that he has decided to introduce in order to counter the

Case Study based on key reading.Strategic Management Essay

Case Study based on key reading.Strategic Management - Essay Example Application of the model in CRH Plc will enable the company identify the external forces that affects the external activities of the company. This enables the formulation of improvement strategies that enhances performance in the changing marketing environment. The model generalises the strategies required in gaining competitive advantage in the industry for easy application (Onsman, 2004). However, application of the model may be misleading because it assumes a classic perfect market although it is clear that the construction and building industry is faced with numerous challenges. The SWOT analysis is crucial because it summarises the both the internal and external environment of a company i.e. strengths and weaknesses coupled with the opportunities and threats. The knowledge of both the internal and external environment will enable the company adopt measures appropriate for addressing both the internal and external challenges. However, analysis of the strategic management status o f the company by use of the SWOT framework requires considerable time and energy when being applied in large corporations. The PESTEL framework assists in the identification of the macroeconomic factors that affects the whole industry, certain markets or the company. This is because many factors in the macroeconomic environment have significant impact on the overall managerial behaviour. According to the Global Industry Analysts (2011), the tool is crucial in understanding the factors that can influence the industry growth and decline. PESTEL analysis can also guide the company on the direction that they should take in avoiding failure or losses. However, undertaking the PESTEL is tedious and may be ineffective to large organisations. The framework is also limiting because it only focuses on the external environment of the company. Critical Analysis Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Rivalry among the Existing Firms The company has numerous competitors in the industry, especially the well established multinational companies such as Lafarge S.A. and Holcim Ltd. In 1990, the market was dominated by large companies that capitalised on the strength in their local markets to expand internationally. According to Davenport (2002), the competing companies increased their supply rate when the market for construction industry was booming locally; leading to increased competition for the local markets. This made CRH to venture into acquisition of smaller companies in both local and international hemispheres such as 26% shares of a North-eastern Chinese plant and a 50% stake of an Indian company in order to increase dominance both local and international markets (Batchelor, 2001). Bargaining Power of Customers The construction industry is extremely fragmented with the production rate varying depending on the location as well as other factors such as values and cultures. The application of the building regulations regarding the location of the

Understand How to Establish an Effective Team Assignment

Understand How to Establish an Effective Team - Assignment Example Understand How to Establish an Effective Team In a report written by A.W.C. Training entitled â€Å"Effective Working Relationships†, emphasize was placed on enhancing awareness regarding the importance of maintaining happy relationships within the organizational setting for the reason that smooth and effective working relationships were noted to be instrumental in tasks and responsibilities being undertaken more efficiently; and thus, enabling the delivery of high quality of customer service. Within a team, the development of effective working relationship presupposes the application of effective communication as a framework of success. According to Harbour (2013), â€Å"good communication makes it easier to address individual problems or concerns between employees and supervisors when they arise† (par. 8). Communication also enables the dissemination of crucial information, including policies, procedures, and the organization’s code of discipline, to provide guidelines to the employees, various members of a team, and other stakeholders, in manifesting the expected behavior. For example, in a newly formed team tasked to present suggestions and recommendations to increase sales of the products, an effectively developed and maintained team who follows the abovementioned guidelines are expected to be more cohesive and to delegate tasks, share crucial information, and equitably divide the responsibilities needed in coming up with a presentation that would satisfy organizational goals. Benefits of Effective Working Relationships in Developing and Maintaining the Team The benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team are therefore realized in terms of showing cohesiveness, increasing performance and productivity, reporting lesser conflicts or miscommunication, and satisfying the needs and demands of the customers. As asserted, â€Å"good workplace relationships and a positive work environment is critical for a successful business, as unhappy staff have a negative impact on productivity and customer service† (Harbour, 2013, par. 7). Behaviours which Could Develop and Maintain Trust at Work The behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work include the following: (1) maintaining sincerity; (2) being reliable; (3) being accountable; (4) listening attentively and actively; (5) not blaming others; and (6) being transparent in all undertakings with honesty and integrity (Piccinini, 2013). For instance, in the organizational setting, trust could be developed and maintained when members of a team have openly established the need to be open to each other and communicate truthful information to the most effective manner. When a member of the team makes a mistake, other members must assume a stance of understanding and refrain from blaming the errant member. All members must therefore

Onion DNA Extraction Essay Example for Free

Onion DNA Extraction Essay DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in every living organism. It provides the information and instructions to build and regulate cells in organisms. The information it contains is used when organisms are being reproduced. It is made up of two polynucleotide chains known as DNA strands. Within the two chains there are four nucleotide units: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Materials and Methods An onion was cut into pieces and placed in a blender with 50 mL of water and blended for one minute. Once blended, 20 mL of 25% saline solution and 10 mL of liquid detergent was added to the mixture and blended for 3 minutes. The mixture was then added to a flask and placed into a bath of hot water at 42? C for 10 minutes. The mixture was then removed from the hot water bath and filtered using a cheese cloth (dryer sheet) into a beaker. In a test tube (test tube â€Å"B†), 10 mL of 90-95% ethanol was placed into a beaker filled with ice. Then 10 mL of the filtered mixture was then placed into a test tube (test tube â€Å"C†). Test tube â€Å"C† was tilted at an angle and the ethanol from test tube â€Å"B† was slowly poured into test tube â€Å"C†. After 5 minutes, a white layer was formed between the onion-detergent mixture (test tube â€Å"B†) and the ethanol (test tube â€Å"C†). A plastic pipette was used to remove the white layer from the tube and placed into a micro centrifuge tube. The micro centrifuge tube was centrifuged at 10 K rpm for 1 minute. The supernatant in the tube was then removed and discarded only leaving the white pellet that was formed at the bottom. Results During this experiment, the DNA of the onion had formed at the bottom of the micro centrifuge tube.

Medical Advancements during the Industrial Revolution

Medical Advancements during the Industrial Revolution Medical Advancements in the industrial revolution Compared with the other great time periods, the industrial revolution in particular was known to have had one of the largest impacts on the world. Some of the largest being advancements in technology leading to breakthroughs in the field of medicine. It was during the 18th century that scientists were able to discover cures for many previously incurable diseases through the use and application of these â€Å"new† technologies. The government of the time was also forced to improve living conditions in order to create better sanitation, which in turn also helped to lower the risk of disease and raise life expectancy. Disease accounted for many deaths in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution. With a chronic lack of hygiene, little knowledge of sanitary care and no knowledge as to what caused diseases (let alone cure them), diseases such as cholera, typhoid and typhus could be lethal. As the cities became more populated, the problem worsened. Prior to advancements in medicine there had been little-to-no sanitation, and accordingly people living during this time had a very short life expectancy. Also, there was little understanding around how and why disease was constantly spreading. One of the major contributing factors was the housing conditions which the majority of the population dwelled: they were overcrowded, meaning that one small room could (and often did) house up to ten people. Houses did not have access to clean water, the water was contaminated with sewage, bacteria and other pathogens. With the majority of doctors knowledge being based upon traditional remedies that had lit tle evidence, and there being limited diagnostic tools or understanding, this also did not help the health of the population. Before and during the industrial revolution there was a common belief that disease was caused by â€Å"bad smells† and â€Å"invisible poisonous gas clouds.† With increasing numbers of people within cities, diseases and ill-health was on the rise, which promoted scientists to begin searching for scientific reasons behind diseases and thus deducting how to cure them. Throughout the industrial revolution there have been accounts of poor living conditions coupled with bad building management systems, mass siltation and poor hygiene. FRIEDRICH ENGELS was known to have said In one of these courts there stands directly at the entrance, at the end of the covered passage, a privy without a door, so dirty that the inhabitants can pass into and out of the court only by passing through foul pools of stagnant urine and excrement. (Cotton times, 2012).This quote from his memoir shows the extent of pollution and the mismanagement of waste disposal. This also shows just how filth stricken and unhygienic the streets where. This abundance of pollution and waste was defined aided the spread of disease. Until the occurrence such medical advancements surgery and other medical practices remained a task frequently done by barbers merely because they possessed the correct tools. The lack of any such pain killers, along with the continuing social disapproval due to such mortalities, created a continuous cycle where few people underwent surgery thus leading to limited knowledge and research done in the field. Therefore surgery and medicine in general progressed very little throughout the middle ages and all of that changed in the industrial revolution due to revolutionary medical advancements. It all began with the discovery of the properties of chloroform and ether in the 1850’s by numerous scientist, thus making surgery effectively painless, though there was still a significant amount of pain after the effects of the anaesthetic wore off. On screen is a chart that shows the evolution of surgery and medicine in general. Even knowing this the number of people willing to undertake surgical procedures multiplied in the following years. This caused the increase of the death of patients post operation presumably due to bacterial infection. In the decades prior such a small quantity of people were willing to undergo surgery and the patients that did most likely died on the operating table therefore bacterial infection was relatively rare and thus their causes such as operating conditions, unclean surgical instruments as well general poor hygiene where remained unexplored. After countless deaths and a plethora of research came the answer: germs In the 1850s Louis Pasture make a significant breakthrough with his revolutionary germ theory of disease. He discovered the microorganisms were causing decay because they were constantly spreading. He concluded that these microorganisms where the cause of many diseases. He carried out his experiments by collecting air in flasks and determining which ones contained more bacteria. The flasks that had more bacteria were noted as containing air from places that had been very overpopulated and dirty. He extended his theory to explain the causes of many deadly diseases such as anthrax, cholera as well as TB. Now scientist could cure sicknesses based on the discoveries made by Pasture. Without Louis Pasteur the field of microbiology would not have existed. His contributions where crucial to the development of the Industrial Revolution and his discoveries are still relevant to this day. They have acted as building blocks for further discoveries and started a general trend in medicine. His co ntributions include, instituting changes in medical practices, to minimize the spread of disease, discovering that weak forms of disease could be used as an immunisation and finally he introduced the concept of viruses to the medical world. Because of his glowing accolades many regarded him as the â€Å"father of microbiology†. Personally I believe that he deserves such title because without his work many of modern medical discoveries would not have occurred but I do accredit him solely because I believe that the advancements made in the industrial revolution where a group effort and that many scientist contributed to its occurrence. Although his research was neglected by the medical community for several years due to his unorthodox methods of practise, Edward Jenner revolutionised the study of medicine forever by creating a cure for Smallpox which has changed the practise of the prevention of many diseases with vaccines today saving countless lives. He built upon the work done by Louis pasture and created a vaccine for smallpox by inoculating his patients with cow pox. It was successful and became mandatory in Britain in 1852. With economic growth living standards were able to improve. Britain was able to turn the field of public health into a socio-medical vital to community health. Soon enough the new chapter of the revolution included focussing on the public health movement and supporting the poor who were unable to pay for medical treatment. So the Public Health Act was passed, making sanitary improvements in the slums and stationed medical officers in every district in England. Infant mortality rates where decreasing and life expectancy was finally flourishing. After several medical findings such as relief from typhoid and surgery started to become widely practised. In order to have surgery patients need to go under anaesthesia. To create anaesthetics mixed numerous chemicals and experimented to find out what effects they would have on humans. Humphrey Davies realised by experimentation that laughing gas was one factor that could reduce pain. Since this wasn’t the most effective method therefore ether was used due to its ability to put patients to sleep. In 1847 James Simpson was the first to discover chloroform’s ability to render patients unconscious. With this medical breakthrough surgery was able to become a quicker and a more efficient process. A problem with early surgery was that surgeons did not poses antiseptics this caused infections in patients and many deaths. Joseph Lister discovered that spraying patient’s wounds with carbolic acid spray would kill microbes thus preventing the occurrence of infection and allowing the patient to heal correctly without infection. His spray was eventually used in public places as a sanitary precaution but some individuals at the time reported to having reactions to this acid. In 1895 Wilhelm Rà ¶ntgen discovered the use of x-rays in medical imaging, this brought great advancement to the medical world and surgery itself. Without such a discovery the world’s medical history would not have been the same. All of these inventions and progressions in medical technology have paved the way for a successful medical world as we know it. The machines, drugs, surgeries have all originated from the time of the industrial revolution. Of course they have progressed and evolved over the years and will continue to evolve as time goes on. If there was never a revolution such as this one the world would have never seen change. Our lives and lives to come will forever be different due to the medical advancements in the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution was a turning point in history because its medical advancements improved health in the medical word, life expectancy and the spread of disease. There are many points that be argued as the most important part of the industrial revolution and turning points in history. Although many historians like to say that the advancements in medicine where not as crucial to the occurrence of mass industrialisation as agriculture, per se. While I acknowledge their points and am in no way saying that the changes in agriculture was not important but I believe that the medical advancements and the change in legislation due to these advances where crucial to the continuation and sustainability of the industrial revolution. Because, a healthy workforce is a productive workforce. Without a healthy workforce industrialisation could not have occurred and workplace based injuries would not have been able to be treated and in the case of the agricultural revolution While some people today like to focus on the work of just one person as â€Å"the† breakthrough which influenced the remainder of the Industrial Revolution, and as such shaped the medical field as we know it today, however, I disagree. I do not think it is possible to name just one man as the founder of modern medicine. Each of the scientists that I have named had unique contributions to the field, each independent of the other. Without any one of these, there would still be disease and ill-health throughout the world. To name just one man would be an injustice, thus I acknowledge each of these breakthrough scientists for their contributions and efforts to enable myself to live the safe and healthy life that I do today. I believe the most productive work that aided humanity has been done in collaboration throughout history. I believe that these advancements where a sheer coincidence and the correct number of scientist gathered at the right time under the correct circumstances lured by economic opportunities. The medical advancements in the industrial revolution caused the worldwide improvement in life expectancy and public health. That world wild phenomenon had a domino effect throughout the following years and lead us to where we are today. Without the industrial revolutions medical advancements we would not be in the position we are in today with public health and life expectancy.

The Ebl Concept Essay Nursing Essay

The Ebl Concept Essay Nursing Essay The purpose of this essay is to elaborate on the Enquiry Based Learning presentation and discuss in depth the given concept. The concept given to my group is empathy to support this concept relevant literature will be used along with example experienced during my clinical placement. To maintain patients confidentiality pseudonym name will be used in the example. This is in line with the Nursing and Midwifery council code of conduct guideline (2010), which states that the people in our care have every right for their privacy and confidentiality. The EBL process will be reflected upon with supporting literatures and critically discussed using Gibbs (1988) model of reflection followed by a conclusion. Critical discussion Empathy is widely accepted as a basic component of all helpful relationships, including relationships in nursing practice (Williams Stickley, 2010). Walker Alligood (2001), criticised empathy in nursing as a concept borrowed from the Carl Rogers field of counselling psychology. Despite all these criticisms, it suggests that empathy will continue to be a fundamental concept in the nursing practice. According to Carl Rogers (1980) as cited by Vincent (2005), empathy can be describe as entering the private perceptual world of another person and becoming completely at home in it, being sensitive, moment by moment, to the changing felt meanings which flows in this other person, to the fear or whatever the person is experiencing. More specifically empathy forms part of the Carl Rogers core conditions along with genuiness and positive regard that are vital for the formation of relationships in counselling. According to Rogers (1980) as cited by Vincent (2005), being empathic is a complex, demanding and strong yet also a subtle and gentle- way of being. This is in contrast with the interpretation of empathy nursing literature. In nursing literature, empathy seems to be valued as a concept to be used alone rather than within a relationship that contains all the core conditions as used in counselling literature. In the nurse patient relationships, empathy is theorised as having therapeutic value and, as such, is promoted to nurses as being desirable ( McCabe, 2004). Empathy within the nursing relationship is defined as the ability to understand the patients situation, perspective and feelings, and to communicate that understanding to the patient (Coulehan et al. 2000 cited by Mercer and Reynolds, 2002). This definition emphasises that empathy is a way of perceiving, as well as a way of communicating. It has shifted the emphasis from a personality trait that individual possess to a form of interaction. This definition of empathy would also appear to be congruent with the cognitive and behavioural components of empathy alluded to by Morse et al. (1992). Following an extensive review of the literature, Morse et al. summarised the components of empathy under four key areas: moral, emotive, cognitive and behavioural. The moral element shows an internal altruistic force that motivates the practice of empathy, the emotive element shows the ability to subjectively experience and share in anothers psychological state, the cognitive element show the intellectual ability to identify and understand another persons feelings and perspective and the behavioural element shows the communicative response to convey understanding of anothers perspective. This shows that clinical empathy can be seen as a form of professional skills rather than personal characteristic (Mercer and Reynolds, 2002). Similarly, Rogers (1975) as cited by Vincent (2005) who tended to view empathy as an attitude highlighted the communicative part of the construct. This suggests that when attitudes and understanding are shown to the patient, empathy is skilled behaviour. Also Zoske et al. (1983) views empathy as an interpersonal skills, rather than being an instinctive quality possessed by individuals. In addition, Yu and Kirk (2008) also suggest that empathy can be taught as a skill and developed with practice and experience. In this context empathy is not only a way of being with another as stated by (Rogers, 1975) but it also communicates to the patients the professionals understanding of their world so that this perception can be validated by the patient. In effect, both are necessary and one without the other is rather hollow. Despite the differences between counselling and the nursing practice, what the empathy outcome research have shown is that even if nothing else happens with a patient, being exposed to an empathetic person who can accurately communicate that empathy can have a healing outcome on the patient health (Williams Stickley, 2010). Therefore, empathy can be a vital component of any nursing plan of care. For example, La Monica et al. (1987) explored the effect of nurses empathy on the anxiety, depression, hostility and satisfaction with care of clients with cancer. They found less anxiety, depression and hostility in clients being cared for by nurses exhibiting high empathy. Reynolds (2000), says to achieve above outcomes is dependent on the ability of the nurses to offer high levels of empathy to their patients. In addition Moore (2006) suggests that the connection between the patient and practitioner that facilitate a positive influence in treatment is empathy. According to Tschudin (1995), some people communicate their understanding of empathy through action, others might use words, and still others might use both to communicate empathy to the patient. For instance, a nurse can explain medical diagnosis and results to the patient in lay terms so that the patient can understand and feel in control of the situation. Researchers agreed on the positive role empathy plays in interpersonal relationships when providing health care. However, Hills Knowles (1983) reported that nurses do not show empathy by actually blocking clients expressions by changing the subject. It could be argued that nurses lack the skill to communicate empathy with their patient. Although, William (1992) said hospital systems seem conducive to flattening the humanity of its employees. Also Wong (2004), have questioned the importance of seeking to develop empathetic nurse patient relationship within busy acute healthcare settings. This suggests it might be difficult to develop an empathetic relationship in this setting. However, Yu and Kirk (2008) asserted that empathy can be taught as a skill and developed with practice and experience. Clinical placement example This example was when I had the opportunity to experience working as a student on a breast unit. The patient that are seen in this unit are those with breast cancer and those with family history of breast cancer. Joan came to the hospital for an appointment following her GP referral due to a painful lump on her breast. Joans both family have a history cancer, her mother died fourteen months before the day of her appointment and she lost her mothers younger sister 3 years ago to cancer also the fathers side have a history of bowel of cancer. I was chaperon the doctor whom Joan came to see and my mentor asked me to follow her up throughout her treatment. She has not seen the doctor before, but was so kind to her and understands how devastated Joan was. The doctor did physical examination on her breast and discovered the lump; he said it could be benign or cancerous. She realised that this was the same thing the doctor told her mother the first day she was diagnose. All the feelings of anxiety and distress came to her. The doctor requested her to for Scan and mammogram same day and come back to see him. Joan went to the nurse that book patients for investigations and the nurse quickly said sit down and continue looking at the computer screen. Joan sat in the chair facing the nurse, who still did not look up to see the anxiety on this patient. After sometime, she told Joan I will be with you in a minute; Joan sat still, waiting, but feeling apprehensive more and more. It became worse for the fact that she want to go for these investigations because she is having that gut feeling it could be cancer. I could see her anxiety levels rising and considering that she has history of panic attacks and depression. And hope she really she could hold it all together at that moment. The nurse been on her own and seems to have a lot of paper work to complete and feels that the paperwork got in the way of her relationship with patients at times. The nurse told Joan I need to ask some quick questions about her health and family history with a frown face. The nurse started with family history without still looking up to her patient and asked about her parents history. Joan said her father is alright and was silence when asked about her mother. The nurse looked up and was surprised to Joan crying and the anxiety on her face. Before the nurse realise what is happening Joan had run out from the room, saying she could not stay any longer. The nurse had no idea of what had just happened or why Joan was dismayed and felt that she must have done something to hurt her, but could not understand what she did to Joan. Discussion Judging from the above example, it is clear that the nurse was not able to form an empathetic relationship and unable to deliver empathetic care. Is not as if the nurse does not want to deliver an empathic care, but she was so preoccupied and focused on the paper work and also considering the fact she is the only one at that moment. The nurse did not communicate to the Joan as she should and did not even look up to see the anxiety on Joans face. According to La Monica et al. (1987) explored the effect of nurses empathy on the anxiety. They found out that patient exhibit less anxiety, depression being cared for by nurses exhibiting empathy. As stated by Moore (2000) cited by Chambers and Ryder (2006), if the clinician is in a bad mood, this may put the client in a bad mood as well; basically, it is like looking into a mirror. In Joans case, it was not the fact that the nurse was necessarily in a bad mood that was the issue. However, the nurse frowning during the short time they had together, which could have been seen as her being in awful mood. Joan so felt that she was not interested in her, and possibly that she was causing a problem by just being around. In addition, Reynolds (2000) raised a concern that low level of empathy in professional relationships can make the recipients of help may not perceive that their situation is understood. As nurses, we need to be aware that if seem unconcerned or stressed it will have a negative impact on the relationship with patients. Cowdell (2010) refers empathy as feeling into anothers world to comprehend that persons world experience. The nurse was not able to form a relationship with Joan, and was totally unable to sense her anxiety and distress. Furthermore, McCabe and Timmins (2006) say that if nurses fail to empathise with their patients then they cannot help them to understand effectively as individual with their illness. In other words, it was certainly the case in the lack of effective interaction between the nurse and Joan. In addition, Vincent (2005) says that nurses find it more difficult to sustain empathy if they are extremely tired or distracted. As already stated it could be because the nurse was the only one attending to the patients. This could hinder her ability to perceive and reason as well as to communicate understanding of Joans feelings. Reflection According to Johns (2005), reflection is a fusion of sensing, perceiving, intuiting and thinking related to a specific experience in order to develop insights into self and practice. Reflection promotes actions that transform individuals practice so they resolve contradictions, to build on their strengths. According to Sully and Dallas (2010), reflection also allows for the structured exploration of the knowledge, skills, attitudes and perceptions tacit and overt- that underpin professional practice. Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle will be used as indicated in my introduction. It was used because the reflective cycle encouraged me to think systematically about the phases of the EBL process. Description; my group subgroup was the video group and everyone was allocated a role play. My role was to act as the ward sister who showed no empathy to her junior staff who came to ask her for information regarding the patient she is looking after. Feeling; The EBL process gave me the opportunity to know what it feels like to be the nurse in charge were you have to use your management skills effectively. Also a nurse in charge not shown empathy could send wrong message to the junior staff. I think the whole process promotes my personal research skills and made me becomes more familiar with the various resources at my disposal, such as databases and e-journals. Evaluation; During the EBL process my sub-group were very supportive to each other, listen to other peoples opinion and communicated with other as professionals. As stated by Sully and Dallas (2010), that through effective communications, information sharing and partnership nurses can deliver excellent care. We were able to achieve our aim through effective communication between the team. The EBL experience becomes one of interchange where we shared our opinions, research and experience in order to achieve an end result. However, we faced some challenges with fixing the time and getting the right venues for the recording, sometimes we have to travel the main campus even when we do not have lectures over there. On the first day our equipment disappointed us, but we stayed positive and rearranged time. We had criticisms of ideas but we accepted it and created room for improvement. For example I did not support the video from YouTube by Hepburn and Astaire that was included in the presentation. Cottrell (2008) says that, if you disagree with another persons idea in a positive way and suggest ways forward for improvement rather than criticising. Analysis; the EBL process gave the group the opportunity to improve their wide range of skills: knowledge creation; presentation; creative skills; problem-solving skills and team-working. The EBL made us gain extra perspective and point of view about the given concept, which otherwise we might not have considered. It has been shown in Cottrell (2008), group working create the opportunity to tap into a wider pool of experience, background knowledge and styles of work. Conclusions; looking back at the EBL presentation, we should have explained the video we used. Also recognise that I need to develop the confidence to challenge ideas that I do not agree to, as well as how it could be improved. I could have used other strategies to get my point across to the group. Action plan; In future, I will aim to develop my assertive skills when working in a group, in order to ensure that we are awarded great marks. I will make this a goal for my learning, and work out strategies for how I can achieve this in future. As suggested by Sully and Dallas (2010) that using assertive skills is an essential component of working in a proficient manner. Conclusion In conclusion, empathy whether borrowed from the counselling literature or derived from nursing practice (Walker Alligood 2001), empathy is widely considered as a crucial component of multiple helping professions, including nursing practice. How empathy is portrayed in nursing literature seems different from its portrayal within counselling literature. The concept of empathy in nursing literature is separated from the core conditions of congruence and unconditional positive regards, so therefore it is presented as tool. As stated by Yu and Kirk (2008), empathy can be taught to healthcare professionals and also be taught how to improve their level of empathy through experience rather than formal instructions. Empathy is crucial to a non-defensive relationship and can facilitate satisfactory and productive outcomes for patients. Lack of empathy could mean that patient who needs to be understood, may not be understood, or feel understood. Lack of empathy in nursing could prolong healing process in a patient. In addition, the EBL process played an important role in promoting the group interaction, we shared opinions and experience. All this suggest that, empathy is a vital part of caring in nursing practice and especially critical to the provision of quality nursing care. Thus can be effectively taught to student and experienced nurses. REFERENCES Chambers, C. and Ryder, E. (2009) Compassion and caring in nursing Oxford: Radcliffe. Cottrell, S. (2008) The Study Skills Handbook. 3rd edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford polytechnic: Oxford. Hills, M., and Knowles, D. (1983) Nurses levels of empathy and respect in simulated interactions with patients. International Journal of Nursing Studies. V20, pp. 83-87. Johns, C. (2005) Expanding the gates of perception. Transforming Nursing Through Reflective Practice. Oxford: Blackwell. La Monica, E., Madea, A. and Oberst, M. (1987) Empathy and nursing care outcomes. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice. V1, pp. 197-213. McCabe, C. and Timmins, F. (2006) Communication Skills For Nursing Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. McCabe, C. (2004) nurse-patient communication: an exploration of patients experience. Journal of Clinical Nursing; 13, pp.41-49. Mercer, S.W. and Reynolds, W. (2002) Empathy and quality of care. British Journal of General Practice. 52, S9-S13, Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articules/PMC1316134 (Accessed: 20 December 2012). Morse, J., Anderson, G., Bottorff, J., Yonge, O., OBrien, B., and Solberg, S (1992) Exploring Empathy: A Conceptual Fit for Nursing Practice? Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. V24, pp. 273-280. Morse, J.M., Bottorff, J., Anderson, G., OBrien, B., and Solberg, S. (2006). Beyond empathy: Expanding expressions of caring. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, pp. 75-90. Nursing and midwifery council (2010) The code standards of conduct. Performance and Ethics for Nurses and Midwives. London: Portland place. Reynolds, W. (2006) Expanding expression of caring. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, 809-821. Reynolds, W. (2003) Developing empathy. In P. Barker (Ed.), Psychiatric and mental health nursing: The craft of caring, pp. 147-154. United Kingdom: Arnold. Reynolds, W. (2000) The measurement and Development of empathy in Nursing. United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing Limited Sully, P. and Dallas, J. (2010) Essential Communication Skills for Nursing and Midwifery. 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Mosby Elsevier. Tschudin, V. (1995) Counselling Skills for Nurses. 4th edn. London: Baillià ¨re Tindall. Walker, K.M. and Alligood, M.R. (2001) Empathy from a nursing perspective: Moving beyond borrowed theory. Archives of psychiatric Nursing, 15, 140-147. Vincent, S. (2005) Being empathic: A companion for counsellors and therapists. United Kingdom: Radcliffe Ltd. Williams, J. and Stickley, T. (2010) Empathy and nurse education. Nurse Education Today, 30, pp. 752-755. Williams, A. (1992) Where has all the empathy gone? Professional Nurse (Nov), pp. 134. Wong, W.H. (2004) Caring holistically within new managerialism. Nursing inquiry; 11: (1) pp.1-13. Yu, J. and Kirk, M. (2008) Measurement of Empathy in Nursing Research: systematic review. Journal of Advance Nursing, (64), pp. 440-454. Zoske, J. and Pietrocarlo, D. (1983) Dialysis Training Exercise for Improved Staff Awareness. American Association of Nephrology and Technicians Journal. pp. 19-39.

Human Nature in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Essay -- Papers

Human Nature in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley In the novel "Frankenstein" by Mary Shelley, the relationship of external apperence and internal feelings are directly related. The creature is created and he is innocent, though he is seaverly deformed. His nature is to be good and kind, but society only views his external appereance which is grotesque. Human nature is to judge by external apperence. He is automatically ostracized and labeled as a monster because of his external apperence. He finnaly realized that no matter how elequintly he speaks and how kind he is, people will never be able to see past his external deformities. Children are fearful of him, Adults think he is dangerous, and his own creator abandons him in disgust. The creature is treated as a monster, therefore he begins to internalize societies view of him and act the like a monster. Man by nature, judges people and things by their appearance. If a person is pleasant looking then they will be given more of a chance to express their internal self. If they are ugly, or cosmetically deformed, they usually aren't given much of a chance to show who they really are. Grotesquely ugly people are sometimes thought of as monsters, and are ostracized. Many cosmetically inferior people are afraid to go out into society. Mankind seems to be fearful of the unfamiliar and unknown. People are afraid of what they do not understand. Deformaty is something that most people can not comprehend. How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophy, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endevoured to form? His limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! - Great god! His yellow skin scarcely... ...ves for my destruction. Shall I not hate them who abhor me? I will keep no terms with my enemies. I am miserable and they shall share my wretchedness." ( the creature, page 97) Here the creature tells Frankenstien that he is the fallen angel. This means that he believes that Frankenstien could have done a better job raising him. The creature indicated that he was born good and virtuous, but lonliness and misery due to the alenation he receives from mankind, have made him feel like a monster. Society sees him as a monster and makes him feel like one, so now he will begin to act like one. The creature then begines to tell Frankenstien the tale of what he has done and hoh he has managed to survive the past few years. Bibliography: Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Ed. J. Paul Hunter. Norton Critical Editions. New York: Norton, 2005. Print.

Working for the Public Sector versus the Private Sector Essay -- essay

As with most choices, especially in the work world, there are benefits and consequences of working for both public and private sectors. There are different sets of needs to be met in each criterion but they may slightly relate to each other as well. The public sector mostly relate to Government work. There are special exams a person has to take whenever they apply for any work with the government. There are some very strict rules and requirements to meet in every branch of the government and for every position within that branch. And the private sector is mainly based on the idea of profit. When a person applies for a position in a private sector, they require a certain amount of education, experience, training or skills. But the rules and requirements are not as strict as the public sector. The public sector is not based on the idea of profit. Workers of public sector benefit high job securities and health care and other personal benefits. In the private sector, health care benefits and other personal benefits are quite poorer than in the public sector. They're more based on w...

Dramatic Changes in the U.S. Intelligence Community Essay

Intelligence services of any country play a vital role in its security as well as in support of its national interests. The U. S. Intelligence Community (IC) today is a federation of about 16 separate governmental agencies (United States Intelligence Community, 2009) that monitor information worldwide and domestically in pursuance of America’s national interests. The IC has undergone fundamental changes since WWII, the 1970s and in the aftermath of September 11, 2001 attacks and the Iraq war 2003. Each of these fundamental changes in policy, organization and practice has had a profound impact in the workings of the IC. This essay examines the effects of the successive reforms carried out within the IC focusing on the above mentioned three periods of dramatic changes. The precursor to the Intelligence Community was the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) which was formed during the Second World War to coordinate the intelligence gathering and espionage activities of the single service intelligence services. After the Second World War, the U. S. government sought to change the predominant army orientation of the OSS. The National Security Act of 1947 established the Central Intelligence Agency that took over the functions of the OSS and charged it with collection of national security intelligence but no â€Å"police, subpoena, law enforcement powers or internal security function (Theoharis & Immerman, 2006, p. 156). † The aim here was to curtail the inflated powers that the OSS had gathered during the war time years. However, the reality of the Cold War forced the US government to promulgate â€Å"the NSC 4A of December 14, 1947, and NSC 10/2 of June 18, 1948 (Theoharis & Immerman, 2006, p. 158)† giving the CIA mandate to conduct covert operations. Thereon, the mandate of the CIA was increased to include sabotage, support of indigenous anti-communist elements and kill and depose leaders from Cuba to Chile (Kinzer, 2008, p. 210). The 1949 Central Intelligence Agency Act authorized the agency fiscal independence outside the domain of public scrutiny and administrative controls. The organization was also exempted from having to make public the roll call of its employees or where they were being employed. So the powers of the agency were vastly increased and congressional oversight reduced. Through the sixties into the early 70s, the CIA was at the forefront of covert war across the globe, undermining the Soviets and in the process becoming a law unto them self. Thus when Dr Muhammed Mossadeq of Iran nationalized British Petroleum, it was the CIA which helped the British to overthrow his government to establish Reza Pehalavi as their puppet (Paul, 2003, p. 14). In Iraq too, US intelligence services recruited in 1959, Saddam Hussein to take part in assassination of Iraqi Prime minister Qasim who was poised to hurt American oil interests in Iraq. Within the United States, the CIA was involved in hunting out communist supporters under McCarthyism that led to the arrests and incarceration of hundreds of Americans under trumped up charges. These internal actions of the IC made the community most unpopular with politicians across the spectrum. Nixon initially distrusted the agencies but soon saw their utility leading to a series of successful covert operations that helped in winding down the Vietnam War, Coup de etat in Chile, engagement with China and containment actions across the globe against Soviet expansion. Nixon later misused the CIA in getting the agency to obstruct FBI investigations into the Watergate scandal (1972). In Africa, the CIA carried out covert operations to oust Soviet influence. In the period right up to the early 70s, the IC was involved predominantly in conduct of a secret foreign policy and the administration then started having misgivings about the efficiency of the organization with its excessive focus on clandestine operations (Louis, 1987, p. 103). Therefore, in 1973, the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), James Schlesinger decided to reform the agency to make it more accountable and efficient. â€Å"He fired two thousand officers (Louis, p. 103)† and compiled a report on the (mis)doings of the agency in conducting political assassinations worldwide, and indulging in illegal surveillance of thousands of US citizens who had opposed America’s involvement in the Vietnam War. Though this report was supposed to be secret, it was leaked to the media that led to a series of investigations into the workings of the CIA by the senate (Church Committee), the House of Representatives (Pike Committee) and the administration of Gerald Ford (Rockefeller Commission) in 1975, which in turn led to the distancing of the CIA from its linkages with domestic politics. This also led to a formation of the Presidential Oversight Board at the White House and the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence in 1977 to maintain oversight on the workings of the IC. President Ford â€Å"banned assassination plots against foreign leaders and tightened CIA and NSC approval procedures for the use of covert actions (Jeffreys-Jones & Andrew, 1997, p. 182)†. President Carter further tightened the accountability of the IC. The technicalization of the IC under the stewardship of Admiral Turner vastly increased the agencies ability to remotely eavesdrop on the global community but downplayed HUMINT leading to glaring weaknesses in intelligence collection in the field that led to the bombings of American embassies in Kenya, Uganda and the 9/11 attacks. The Intelligence Oversight Act of 1980 brought in more accountability in the workings of the IC, which included advance intimation to the Congress in case the IC was to be tasked for covert operations. In the Reagan years, the IC was actively involved in ousting the Soviets from Afghanistan. The IC played a pivotal role in supplying the Mujahidin arms and ammunition to defeat the Soviets. The Reagan administration, on many occasions willfully bypassed the Oversight Act as Vice Admiral Poindexter; Reagan’s NSA stated that â€Å"he had bypassed the intelligence committees in the Iran-Contra Affair to avoid outside interference (Jeffreys-Jones & Andrew, p. 189)†. This led to the 1991 Intelligence Oversight Act which required the President to give a written order for any covert operation. The various measures to instill accountability, and reduce the scope of its power hobbled the agencies which became too ‘gun-shy’ (Coll, 2004, p. 424) and failed spectacularly in detecting the 9/11 attack plan launched by the Al Qaeda. The 9/11 report clearly indicted the intelligence services for their failure to detect the formation of a coherent group like the Al Qaeda and its intent to attack symbols of American power within America (Kean & Hamilton, 2004, p. 341). The report pointed out to the deficiencies in strategic analysis against Al Qaeda, lack of imaginative thinking and the lack of coordination between the various intelligence agencies. The 9/11 report recommended sweeping changes to restructure the IC starting right at the top by replacing the position of Director of Central Intelligence with National Intelligence Director (Kean & Hamilton, 2004, p. 411) to oversee national intelligence centers and have the power to approve and submit nominations of individuals who would head CIA, DIA, FBI intelligence office and so on (Kean & Hamilton, 2004, p. 412). Since 9/11, the role of the IC in covert operations had increased vastly especially under the Republican watch, where greater leeway was given to the IC to carry out targeted killings using predator drones across Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The embarrassment of the false Iraqi WMD dossier, regret for which was proffered by then Secretary of State, Colin Powell (Shulman, 2008, p. 107) dented the IC’s image and there have been renewed calls for strengthening congressional oversight over the workings of the IC. The Obama administration has shown greater sensitivity towards adhering to the democratic tenets of oversight and following the rules set by the National Security Act in that the new CIA Director Leon Panetta, on first information, shut down a secret CIA mission to kill Al Qaeda leaders which was being executed without congressional approval (Hess, 2009). In conclusion it can be reiterated that the US IC has been undergoing dramatic changes since the Second World War mostly as a reaction to the changing circumstances. The reforms after Second World War were initiated to bring about better coordination, accountability and oversight by the government into the workings of the IC. The reforms in the seventies were a direct reaction to the excesses committed by the IC and to check their indiscretion and bring greater control over their objectionable operations. 9/11 gave a severe jolt to the American administration and the reforms that were then initiated came as response to the event as also a genuine feeling for the need to better harness the skills of the IC. Post Iraq War 2003, the clamor for oversight has increased as it was being felt that the agencies had deliberately misled the government by giving faulty intelligence that led to the Iraq war. On the whole, the drive to initiate reforms in the IC has been more reactive in nature rather than being proactive for dealing with future threats. Works Cited Coll, S. (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden. NY: Penguin. Hess, P. (2009, July 15). House Lays Groundwork for CIA Probe. Retrieved July 21, 2009, from Washington Post: http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/14/AR2009071401648. html Jeffreys-Jones, R. , & Andrew, C. M. (1997). Eternal Vigilance? : 50 Years of the CIA. NY: Routledge. Kean, T. H. , & Hamilton, L. (2004). The 9/11 Commission Report. Washington D. C. : Supt. of Docs. GPO. Kinzer, S. (2008). All the Shah’s Men. NY: Wiley. Louis, G. (1987). The New American State: Bureaucracies and Policies Since Worl War II. Baltimore: JHU Press. Paul, J. A. (2003, November). Oil Companies in Iraq. Retrieved July 6, 2009, from Global Policy Forum: http;//www. globalpolicy. org/component/content/article/185/40586. html Shulman, S. (2008). Undermining Science: Suppression and Distortion in the Bush Administration. Berkeley: University of California Press. Theoharis, A. G. , & Immerman, R. H. (2006). The Central Intelligence Agency Under Scrutiny. Westport: Greenwood Publishing. United States Intelligence Community. (2009). Members of the Intelligence Community. Retrieved July 21, 2009, from http://www. intelligence. gov/1-members. shtml

Online vs traditional classrooms Essay

Online classes and traditional classes are both great options for obtaining a college education. They have a common goal of helping students reach their educational goals. Either path the student decides to take has its positive and negative aspects. The three biggest areas to consider when making the decision between online or traditional classes are the expenses, convenience or ease of accessibility, and the communication between students and instructors. Both online and traditional classes offer students an education, which is very important part of being successful in life. Expense is one of the biggest aspects of both online classes and traditional classes that should be considered when continuing your education. Online classes cost considerably less in tuition when a student completes a degree that is only online. However, online classes require you to have access to a computer and the internet at all times. There is no housing included, such as a room in a dormitory, so the st udent has to pay rent or mortgage and all the utilities. Books are available in a hardback or e-book, which cost about the same. Traditional classes can have an extremely high tuition, especially if it is at a university instead of a community college. In a traditional classes the student either pays to live on campus in a dormitory, or you rent off campus. If the student lives off campus, you spend money on gas, driving back and forth to campus. The car then has to have more maintenance which in turn cost more money. Depending on the students financial situation cost should be considered when choosing between online or traditional classes.Online and traditional classes are very different when it comes to convenience or the ease of accessibility. Online classes have twenty-four hour availability. A student can schedule the school work needed around their personal life, whether it’s a job, family, or personal time. This convenience can make life easier to balance, or it can make things harder. If the student procrastinates they will get behind in their school work. The work load for online classes can be more spread out, and they have the option to take test inline as long as they are submitted by the due date. The online school system can offer instant feedback on a test because the computer grades it when you submit it. Online  degrees can usually be completed in a shorter amount of time because the online classrooms can admit more students at one time. Students also have a chance to obtain a degree in a program that may not be available in a school in their area. Traditional classes offer the stability of a more structured schedule. In a traditional class you may have a larger work load because of homework due daily instead of weekly. In traditional classes attendance is mandatory which can be difficult for a student working a full time job, or having other matters they have to attend to. Accessibility is an important aspect a student should consider when choosing between the two types of classes. Whether in an online or traditional classes, communication between the student and instructor is important. Online classes require students to communicate with the instructor and other students by e-mail or in an online forum. In order to be successful the student has to have working knowledge of a comp uter and know how to search for answers. When a student has to ask a question they may not be able to get the answer quickly, which may cause them to fall behind. Having to rely on e-mails to communicate doesn’t give the student a chance to have personal contact. When a student is confused or having a hard time the personal contact with an instructor can be the best way to get help. Students also have more interaction with other students in a traditional classroom which teaches better communication skills.A college degree can be obtained by taking traditional or online classes. Some students take a combination of both to get the degree. Students have to consider their lifestyles and personalities when considering what type of classes to take. Some important things to look at when deciding what kind of classes to take are expense, convenience, and communication. Since every student is different there really isn’t an easy answer, both offers great ways to continue somebodies education.

Aspergers

Espalier's Syndrome is a type of pervasive developmental disorder (PAD). These types of disorders (PAD) have delays Is the development of basic skills such as, the ability to socialize, to communicate, and to use Imagination. Children with Espalier's typically have normal intelligence and language development, but these could change as they get older. This disorder was declared official In 1944 by an Austrian doctor, Hans Aspirer. How Is Espalier's different from Autism? Children with AS don't have a delay in cognitive development or developing language skills.Children with Autism tend to have difficulty with symbolic thinking and pretend play. Another difference is the severity in symptoms, someone with AS can just be mistaken for a normal person behaving differently. Autistic kids will seem uninterested and stand-offish, where AS you want to fit in and interact with others (NAME). Symptoms of Espalier's can range from mild to severe, common symptoms are, problems with social skills , eccentric or repetitive behavior, unusual precautions or rituals, limited range of interest, coordination problems, lastly, skilled and talented (WebMD).I wouldn't necessarily say that the symptoms of AS are normal types of symptoms you would see In other disorders, but beneficial. Normal to above average Intelligence Is normal for AS but they usually have troubles with social Interactions. Anxiety, frustration, and depression are 3 common contributed behaviors. The cause for Aspirer†s remains unknown, but it has been seen to run in families so it could possibly be inherited. This disorder is classified under unique, the exact number of people with this disorder is unknown but they estimate 1 in every 250 children (WebMD).Studies say it is four times for likely to appear in males than females and is usually diagnosed in children between the ages of 2 and 6 years old (WebMD). Diagnosing Espalier's Is not the easiest, there Is no specific test that can tell you If you have Esp alier's Syndrome, you have to go through a series of test such as, x-rays and blood work. Doctors will also complete a physical examination because It has been see that patients with Espalier's have low muscle tone and dysphasia. If there is no physical disorder found you may be sent to see a specialist in childhood development disorders.There is no cure for Espalier's but there is treatment to elf improve. The treatments include special education, behavioral modifications, speech, physical and occupational therapy, and last, social skills therapy (WebMD). With effective treatment, children with Espalier's can learn to overcome or control their disability and repetitive tendencies. Adults with this disorder work successfully but sometimes still struggle with maintaining an independent life. All treatments work differently for everyone, some not at all. In an article on treatments for AS from Psych Central It stated that â€Å"According to the National Institute of NeurologicalDisor ders and Stroke, the Ideal treatment for Espalier's coordinates therapies that address the three core symptoms of the disorder: poor communication skills, obsessive or repetitive routines, and physical clumsiness. † Parenting a child with Espalier's is not easy, it has its difficulties. If you have a child who has been yourself you will be able to help your child grow to their fullest. A daily schedule has shown to help a lot. In the schedule include specific times for therapies, school, meals, and bedtime. If you have to make a change to the schedule, alert your child forehand so they can adjust.Having a â€Å"safe place† in your home will benefit your child because they will have a place to relax and feel secure. Children with Espalier's tend to get irritated somewhat quickly, causing them to lash out, if your child does so, sending them to their safe place can help them collect, and calm down. A main concern with parents who have a child with AS is their social life at school, â€Å"will my child have friends? † is a common question most parents ask. Most kids still live a normal social life throughout school. They make new friends; it's Just harder on some Han others.Identifying children with the same interest as yours can make it a lot easier on the child. Encouraging your child to develop their strengths and interest and to Join clubs or participate in any after school activities is a great way for their social skills to become stronger, especially as they grow older and move into middle/ high school. Many people don't know when a child has AS because it is so hard to see, it's not like other syndromes or disorders that develop physical traits. When you are the sibling of an AS patient it can also be stressful for you.Some siblings can come Jealous or embarrassed of their brother/sister because the parent(s) focus more of their time and attention on them. Some siblings may need to learn how to look out for themselves because some AS p atients have a hard time controlling their frustration or anger. Sticking up for a brother/sister whom suffers from AS is the best thing a sibling could do, it shows that even though you may not always get along, you love them and care for them. This can make them feel accepted or normal because it's something that a â€Å"normal† sibling would do for another.I have a younger sister who has AS and it can be hard. She is 8 years younger than I so we tend to bicker. When she is put in a situation where she has to be independent, say ask a stranger for directions, she becomes very nervous and her anxiety shoots through the roof. If she is upset and you continuously ask her what is wrong, she will lash out and become violent. Sometimes she won't remember what she said or did. When she has these tantrums we usually let her calm down and relax until we confront her about them. Sports and horses have been a huge help with her anxiety and AS.By interacting with other kids her age she has learned to be less socially awkward. Medications does play a role in her daily life, she takes medicine once a day at night before bed. The medication is supposed to help with her anxiety and aggressive tendencies. Not only do children struggle with AS but so do adults. An adult with AS may have difficulties understanding other people emotions, they can misinterpret others facial expressions and body language for something else. This can cause someone with AS to come off as selfish, egotistical, or uncaring (Better Health).When a person with AS is notified about their actions they may come off as shocked and set because neurologically they are unable to understand other people's emotions. Overall adults have a better understanding of their strengths and weaknesses; they are able to learn social skills People think that Just because you have a disability, it means you can't have a romantic relationship with someone. Adult with AS still have romantic relationships, according to t he Better Health Channel â€Å"Studies suggest that many struggle with the myriad of complex skills required to successfully negotiate intimate relationships†.Sometimes they can come off as inappropriate or immature cause they are unaware of what is right and wrong to say or do. When in a relationship, a partner can become frustrated because of unfair distribution of responsibilities. When the partner expresses their feelings of frustration to the AS partner, they come off baffled because they don't realize what they are doing. Having a career and being an AS patient is very normal, you could be working with someone with AS and not even know it. People with AS can excel in a lot of different areas, such as mathematics, music, or being visually creative.Some careers for AS patients that re visual thinkers are computer programming, drafting, photography, or equipment design (Better Health). If you are a music or math fanatic some career choices may be accounting, telemarketer, pianist, or a Journalist. Working with an AS person is not hard, communicating clearly is a good way for your AS employee to work to their fullest ability. Only expect one project at a time, putting too much stress on them can cause anxiety or them to lash out. Being specific with what you want from them is another way for them to be the best employee.When they know what is expected room them they will give it, Just like any other employee, you Just have to be clear, straight forward, and specific. AS employees are seen to be the most hardworking and dedicated employees a business could have. In conclusion to my research paper, I think that Espalier's Syndrome is a rare diagnosis that carries beauty. These people are so bright and intelligent that you'd never even know they had AS. They live normal lives and have good Jobs Just like a number of normal people. They may have some social setbacks here and there but with time and the right treatments they can overcome anything.I think t hat everyone should be given an equal chance no matter what they're disability may be. My sister being 12 and a AS patient, she is heading into middle school, a stressful time for someone with AS. Between her therapies and medications she has learned to control her symptoms and by participating in after school activates, even though they might stress her out, she has gained so many friends, more friends than I ever did in middle school. I hope this paper helped you learn about Espalier's Syndrome and can help you understand more of what it really is.